liminix-fork/THOUGHTS.txt

Thu Sep 22 00:12:42 BST 2022

Making quite reasonable progress, though only running under emulation.
Since almost everything so far has been a recap of nixwrt, that's to
be expected.

The example config starts some services at boot, or at least attempts
to. Next we shoud

 - add some network config to run-qemu
 - implement udhcp and odhcp properly to write outputs
  and create resolv.conf and all that
 - write some kind of test so we can refactor the crap
 - not let the tests write random junk everywhere

Thu Sep 22 12:46:36 BST 2022

We can store outputs in the s6 scan directory, it seems:

> There is, however, a guarantee that s6-supervise will never touch subdirectories named data or env. So if you need to store user information in the service directory with the guarantee that it will never be mistaken for a configuration file, no matter the version of s6, you should store that information in the data or env subdirectories of the service directory.

https://skarnet.org/software/s6/servicedir.html

> process 'store/pj0b27l5728cypa5mmagz0q8ibzpik0h-execline-mips-unknown-linux-musl-2.9.0.1-bin/bin/execlineb' started with executable stack

https://skarnet.org/lists/skaware/1550.html


Thu Sep 22 16:14:49 BST 2022

what network peers do we want to model for testing?

- wan: pppoe
- wan: ip over ethernet, w/ dhcp service provided
- wan: l2tp over (ip over ethernet, w/ dhcp service provided)
- lan: something with a dhcp client

https://accel-ppp.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ could use this for testing
pppoe and l2tp?


Thu Sep 22 22:57:47 BST 2022

To build a nixos vm with accel-ppp installed (not yet configured)

  nix-build '<nixpkgs/nixos>' -A vm -I nixos-config=./tests/ppp-server-configuration.nix -o ppp-server
  QEMU_OPTS="-display none -serial mon:stdio -nographic" ./ppp-server/bin/run-nixos-vm

To test it's configured I thought I'd run it against an OpenWrt qemu
install, so, fun with qemu networking ensues. This config in ../openwrt-qemu
is using two multicast socket networks -

nix-shell -p qemu --run "./run.sh ./openwrt-22.03.0-x86-64-generic-kernel.bin openwrt-22.03.0-x86-64-generic-ext4-rootfs.img "

so hopefully we can spin up other VMs connected either to its lan or
its wan: *however* we do first need to configure its wan to use pppoe

uci set network.wan=interface
uci set network.wan.device='eth1'
uci set network.wan.proto='pppoe'
uci set network.wan.username='db123@a.1'
uci set network.wan.password='NotReallyTheSecret'

(it's ext4 so this will probably stick)


Fri Sep 23 10:27:22 BST 2022

* mcast=230.0.0.1:1234  : access (interconnect between router and isp)
* mcast=230.0.0.1:1235  : lan
* mcast=230.0.0.1:1236  : world (the internet)


Sun Sep 25 20:56:28 BST 2022

TODO - bugs, missing bits, other infelicities as they occur to me:

DONE 1) shutdown doesn't work as its using the busybox one not s6.

2) perhaps we shouldn't have process-based services like dhcp, ppp
implement "address provider interface" - instead have a separate
service for interface address that depends on the service and uses its
output

* ppp is not like dhcp because dhcp finds addresses for an existing
  interface but ppp makes a new one

3) when I killed ppp it restarted, but I don't think it reran
defaultroute which is supposed to depend on it. (Might be important
e.g. if we'd been assigned a different IP address). Investigate
semantics of s6-rc service dependencies

DONE 4) make the pppoe test run unattended

5) write a test for udhcp

6) squashfs size is ~ 14MB for a configuration with not much in it,
look for obvious wastes of space

7) some of the pppoe config should be moved into a ppp service

8) some of configuration.nix (e.g. defining routes) should be moved into
tools

DONE 9) split tools up instead of having it all one file

10) is it OK to depend on squashfs pseudofiles if we might want to
switch to ubifs? will there always be a squashfs underneath? might
we want to change the pseudofiles in an overlay?

11) haven't done (overlayfs) overlays at all

12) overlay.nix needs splitting up

13) upgrade ppp to something with an ipv6-up-script option

14) add ipv6 support generally

15) "ip address add" seems to magically recognise v4 vs v6 but
is that specified or fluke?

16) tighten up the module specs. (DONE) services.foo should be a s6-rc
service, (DONE) kernel config should be checked in some way

DONE 17) rename nixwrt references in kernel builder

18) maybe stop suffixing all the service names with .service

19) syslogd - use busybox or s6?

chat -s -S ogin:--ogin: root / "ip address show dev ppp0 | grep ppp0" 192.168.100.1  "/nix/store/*-s6-linux-init-*/bin/s6-linux-init-hpr -p"


Working towards a general goal of having a derivation we can
usefully run `nix path-info` on - or some other tool that will
tell us what's making the images big. The squashfs doesn't
have this information.

Towards that end (really? can't remember how ...) what would be a
way for packages to declare "I want to add files to /etc"? Is that
even a good idea?

Thinking we should turn s6-init-files back into a real derivation.

Tue Sep 27 00:31:45 BST 2022

> Thinking we should turn s6-init-files back into a real derivation.

This turns out to be Not That Simple, because it contains weird shit
(sticky bits and fifos).

Tue Sep 27 09:50:44 BST 2022

* allow modules to register activation scripts that are run on the
root filesystem once all packages are installed

  - do they run on build or on host? if we're upgrading in place
  how do we ship filesystem changes to the host?

or:

* allow modules to declare environment.*, use pseudofile on build and
create real files on host. will need to keep the implementation on
  host faily simple because restricted environment

Tue Sep 27 16:14:18 BST 2022

TODO list is getting both longer and shorter, though longer on
average.

2) perhaps we shouldn't use process-based services like [ou]dhcp as
queryable endpoint for interface addresses (e.g. when adding routes).
Instead have a separate service for interface address that depends on
the *dhcp and uses its output

3) when I killed ppp it restarted, but I don't think it reran
defaultroute which is supposed to depend on it. (Might be important
e.g. if we'd been assigned a different IP address). Investigate
semantics of s6-rc service dependencies

4) figure out a nice way to fit ppp into this model as it actually
creates the interface instead of using an existing unconfigured one

5) write a test for udhcp

7) some of the pppoe config should be moved into a ppp service

11) haven't done (overlayfs) overlays at all

13) upgrade ppp to something with an ipv6-up-script option, move ppp and pppoe derivations into their own files

14) add ipv6 support generally

15) "ip address add" seems to magically recognise v4 vs v6 but
is that specified or fluke?

19) ship logs somehow to log collection system

21) dhcp, dns, hostap service for lan

22) support real hardware

Tue Sep 27 22:00:36 BST 2022

Found the cause of huge image size: rp-pppoe ships with scripts that
reference build-time packages, so we have x86-64 glibc in there

We don't need syslog just to accommodate ppp, there's an underdocumented
option for it to log to a file descriptor

Wed Sep 28 16:04:02 BST 2022

Based on https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/431953 if we can forge
ethernet packets we might be able to write tests for e.g. "is the vm
running a dhcp server"

Wed Sep 28 21:29:05 BST 2022

We can use Python "scapy" to generate dhcp request packets, and Python
'socket' model to send them encapsulated in UDP. Win

It's extremely janky python

Thu Sep 29 15:24:37 BST 2022

Two points to ponder

1) where service config depends on outputs of other services, we
do that rather ugly "$(cat ${output ....})" construct. Can we improve on
that? Maybe we could have some kind of tooling to read them as environment
variables ...

2) we have given no consideration yet to secrets. we want the secrets to
be not in the store; we want some way of refreshing them when they change

Sat Oct  1 14:24:21 BST 2022

The MAC80211_HWSIM kernel config creates virtual wlan[01] devices
which hostapd will work with, and a hwsim0 which we can use to monitor
(though not inject) trafic. Could we use this for wifi tests? How do
we make the guest hwsim0 visible to the host?


Sat Oct  1 18:41:31 BST 2022

virtual serial ports: I struggled with qemu for ages to get this to work.
You also need the unhelpfully named CONFIG_VIRTIO_CONSOLE option in
kconfig

QEMU_OPTIONS="-nodefaults  -chardev socket,path=/tmp/wlan,server=on,wait=off,id=wlan  -device virtio-serial-pci -device virtserialport,name=wlan,chardev=wlan"

Sun Oct  2 09:34:48 BST 2022

We could implement the secrets store as a service, then the secrets
are outputs.

Things we can do in qemu

1) make interface address service that depends on dhcp, instead of
  being set by it directly
2) check out restart behaviour of dependent services when depended-on
  service dies
3) pppd _creates_ an interface, work out how to fit it into this model
5) add bridge support for lan
8) upgrade ppp to something with an ipv6-up-script option, move ppp and pppoe derivations into their own files
9) get ipv6 address from pppoe
10) get ipv6 delegation from pppoe and add prefix to lan
11) support dhcp6 in dnsmasq, and advertise prefix on lan
12) firewalling and nat
 - default deny or zero trust?
14) write secrets holder as a service with outputs
20) should we check that references to outputs actually correspond with
  those provided by a service

Things we probably do on hardware

6) writable filesystem (ubifs?)
7) overlay with squashfs/ubifs - useful? think about workflows for
how this thing is installed
16) gl-ar750
17) mediatek device - gl-mt300 or whatever I have lying around
18) some kind of arm (banana pi router?)
19) should we give routeros a hardware ethernet and maybe an l2tp upstream,
 then we could dogfood the hardware devices.  we could run an l2tp service
 at mythic-beasts, got a /48 there



https://skarnet.org/software/s6/s6-fghack.html looks like a handy thing
we hope we'll never have to use

Sun Oct  2 22:22:17 BST 2022

> make interface address service that depends on dhcp, instead of being set by it directly

We can do this for dhcp, but we can't do it for ppp. Running the ppp service
creates a ppp[012n] interface and assigns it an ipv4 address and there's not
a whole lot we can easily do to unbundle that.

So

- the ppp service needs to behave as if it were a "link" service
- either it *also* needs to behave as an address service, or we could
  have an address service that subscribes to it and does nothing other than
  translate output formats

Note regarding that second bullet: at the moment the static address
service has no outputs anyway!


Tue Oct  4 22:43:02 BST 2022

While trying to make the TFTP workflow not awful I seem to have written
a TFTP server.


Thu Oct  6 19:26:40 BST 2022

We have a booting kernel on gl-ar750, but we aren't at a point that it can
find a root filesystem

I'd *like* to be able to use the same delivery mechanism (kernel uimage
concatenated monolithic


Sat Oct  8 11:12:09 BST 2022

We have it booting on hardware, mounting root fs, running getty :-)

For NixWRT TFTP boots we used a single image with both kernel and squashfs, and
relied on CONFIG_MTD_SPLIT_FIRMWARE to identify where the boundary was and create
/dev/mdtn devices at the right offsets so that the kernel could find the
squashfs

For Liminix we're not going to do that.

* CONFIG_MTD_SPLIT_FIRMWARE is only available in OpenWrt patches
* it's an uncomfortable level of automagic just to save us doing two TFTPs
  instea of one
* the generated image is anyway not the one we'd write to flash (has unneeded
   PHRAM support)
* it means we need to memmap out enough ram for the whole image inc kernel when really
  all we need to reserve is the rootfs bit


Sat Oct  8 11:23:08 BST 2022

"halt" and "reboot" don't work on gl-ar750

Sat Oct  8 13:10:00 BST 2022

Where do we go with this ar750?

- wired networking
- wifi


Sun Oct  9 09:57:35 BST 2022

We want to be able to package kernel modules as regular derivations, so that
they get added to the filesystem

This means they need access to kernel.modulesupport

This means  kernel.modulesupport needs to be in pkgs too?

This is fine, probably, but we'd like to avoid closing over vmlinux because
there's no need for it to be in the filesystem

Mon Oct 10 22:57:23 BST 2022

The problem is that kernel kconfig options are manipulated in the
liminix modules, which means that data must be (transitively) available
to modules, so they can't be regular packages as they're tied so tightly
to the exact config. Unless we define a second overlay that references
the configuration object, but my head hurts when I start to think about that
so maybe not.

Tue Oct 11 00:00:13 BST 2022

Building ag71xx (ethernet driver) as a module doesn't work because
it references a symbol ath79_pll_base in the kernel that hasn't been
marked with EXPORT_SYMBOL.

We could forge an object file that "declares" it with a gross and disgusting hack like this

$ echo > empty # not actually "empty", objcopy complains about that
$ grep ath79_pll_base /nix/store/jcc114cd13xa8aa4mil35rlnmxnlmv09-vmlinux-mips-unknown-linux-musl-modulesupport/System.map
ffffffff807b2094 B ath79_pll_base
$ mips-unknown-linux-musl-objcopy   -I binary -O elf32-big --add-section .bss=empty  --add-symbol ath79_pll_base=.bss:0x807b2094  empty f.o

I don't claim this is a good idea, just an idea. Thought was that we would not
have to declare its type this way. Also it might not work with kaslr
https://stackoverflow.com/a/68903503


Backstory: why are we trying to build this as a module? because the
openwrt fork of it seems to be a bit more advanced than the mainline,
and I *suspect* that the mainline version doesn't work with our
openwrt-based device tree which ahs the mdio as a nested node inside
the ag71xx node - in mainline the driver seems to have all the mdio
stuff inline. So, could we build the openwrt driver without patching
the crap out of our kernel

Sun Oct 16 15:25:33 BST 2022

Executive decision: let's use the openwrt kernel (at least for
gl-ar750).  Mainline kernel doesn’t have devicetree support for this
device or the SoC it’s based on, and the OpenWrt dts for it doesn’t
have the same "compatible"s, which makes me think that an indefinite
amount of patching will be necessary to make dts/modules for one of
them work with a kernel for the other

As a result: now we have eth0 appearing, but not eth1?  Guessing we
need to add some kconfig for the switch

Mon Oct 17 21:23:37 BST 2022

we are spending ridiculous amounts of cpu/io time copying kernel source
trees from place to place, because we have kernel tree preparation
and actual building as two separate derivations.

I think the answer is to have a generic kernel build derivation
in the overlay, and then have the device overlays override it with
an additional phase to do openwrt patching or whatever else they
need to do.

Tue Oct 18 23:02:43 BST 2022

* previous TODO list is Aug 02, need to review
* dts is hardcoded to gl-ar750, that needs cleaning up
* figure out persistent addresses for ethernet
* fix halt/reboot
* "link" services have a "device" attribute, would much rather
  have everything referenced using outputs than having two
  different mechanisms for reading similar things
* Kconfig.local do we still need it?
* check all config instead of differentiating config/checkedConfig

Sun Feb  5 18:14:02 GMT 2023

We have resumed.
commit eb4efab6a215bf03cf5aab10d4ac909e83e9c148
Author: Daniel Barlow <dan@telent.net>
Date:   Sat Jan 28 23:18:28 2023 +0000


* find out what works
* add that stuff to hydra
* fix the rest
* add that stuff to hydra
* convert to flake
* check if routeros can be run interactively
* some per-device docs in a form that can be transcluded for website


ci builds

* each of the tests has hardcoded device/config/etc
* build an "empty" configuration for each target device
* build an unstable configuration for qemu


Wed Feb  8 16:52:22 GMT 2023

We have hydra builds for all the previously-working devices, though we
don't yet know if any of those builds actually boots or does anything
useful.

[DONE] Would be nice to clean up the run-qemu and connect-qemu scripts
and put them in the buildEnv

Some thought needed about how to hook up the gl-ar750 to the internets,
ideally in a way that mirrors typical real uses. AAISP have an L2TP
service, but I would prefer to use pppoe on the device, so how to
translate one to t'other on an intermediary/gateway machine?
https://www.rfc-archive.org/getrfc.php?rfc=3817#gsc.tab=0 exists
as an RFC but I can't find anything that actually implements it

Actual Documentation (e.g.  user and developer manuals) should live in
the liminix repo so it corresponds with the code, and can be rsynced
from there to the web site, maybe with a deploy hook or something.
Haven't decided what a good doc format is yet

If we create a flake for Hydra to run on, that _more or less_ means we
don't have any manual hydra jobset configuration to document.

There are still some tests that need adding to CI

[DONE] Should the per-device config be a module not an overlay? Given that
half of what's in it is kernel config (a module could set this)
and the rest is source tarball download specs (needs nixpkgs,
a module has this and could set it too) I wonder why it isn't already

[ALREADY DOES] Can we make Hydra report output sizes so we can plot closure size
trends and see if it all goes awful?

Thu Feb  9 08:14:39 GMT 2023

For better developer experience, I am thinking that either (1)
swap tasks 2 and 3 (writable filesystem before module system)
or (2) add NBD support so I can iterate on a real device without
full rebuilds every time


Fri Feb 10 06:18:25 PM GMT 2023

did the overlay->module thing

[DONE] Need to fix all the configuration around PHRAM, I can't see how it
would ever work

Sat Feb 11 14:37:45 GMT 2023

Consolidated TODO

* figure out persistent addresses for ethernet (?)
[SEEMS DONE] * fix halt/reboot
[DONE, NO] * Kconfig.local do we still need it?
[DONE] * check all config instead of differentiating config/checkedConfig

Things we can do in qemu

* "link" services have a "device" attribute, would much rather
  have everything referenced using outputs than having two
  different mechanisms for reading similar things
1) make interface address service that depends on dhcp, instead of
  being set by it directly
2) check out restart behaviour of dependent services when depended-on
  service dies
3) pppd _creates_ an interface, work out how to fit it into this model
5) add bridge support for lan
8) upgrade ppp to something with an ipv6-up-script option, move ppp and pppoe derivations into their own files
9) get ipv6 address from pppoe
10) get ipv6 delegation from pppoe and add prefix to lan
11) support dhcp6 in dnsmasq, and advertise prefix on lan
12) firewalling and nat
 - default deny or zero trust?
14) write secrets holder as a service with outputs
20) should we check that references to outputs actually correspond with
  those provided by a service
* Actual Documentation (e.g.  user and developer manuals)
* make a flake
* There are still some tests that need adding to CI

Things we probably do on hardware

[DONE] * dts is hardcoded to gl-ar750, that needs cleaning up
6) writable filesystem (ubifs?)
7) overlay with squashfs/ubifs - useful? think about workflows for
how this thing is installed
16) gl-ar750
[DONE] * decide how to hook up the gl-ar750 to the internets
17) mediatek device - gl-mt300 or whatever I have lying around
18) some kind of arm (banana pi router?)
[DONE DIFERENTLY] 19) should we give routeros a hardware ethernet and maybe an l2tp upstream,
 then we could dogfood the hardware devices.  we could run an l2tp service
 at mythic-beasts, got a /48 there


Sat Feb 11 15:57:31 GMT 2023

The reason we would like to run PPPoE instead of L2TP on the "rotuer" device is

- closer to real world scenario
- means no need to run dhcp client on the wan interface before we
   even get to start the l2tpd


Sun Feb 12 14:57:28 GMT 2023

https://github.com/katalix/go-l2tp#kpppoed


Mon Feb 13 04:44:09 PM GMT 2023

if the gl-ar750 is connected to an ethernet card that linux is ignoring,
we're going to have to set up _some_ qemu thing just to run tftp from.

Tue Feb 14 17:59:34 GMT 2023

We should do a derivation that creates an ISO image and a qemu shell
script based on a configuration.nix, and put it in buildEnv. We'll
call it "borderNetVm" :

> A broadband remote access server (BRAS, B-RAS or BBRAS) routes
  traffic to and from broadband remote access devices such as digital
  subscriber line access multiplexers (DSLAM) on an Internet service
  provider's (ISP) network.[1][2] BRAS can also be referred to as a
  broadband network gateway or border network gateway (BNG).[3]

(for consistency we should rename the "access" qemu socket network to
match whatever we call this)

 rm border.qcow2 ; nix-shell --argstr liminix `pwd`  --argstr nixpkgs `pwd`/../nixpkgs  --argstr unstable `pwd`/../unstable-nixpkgs/ ci.nix -A buildEnv --run "run-border-vm"

Wed Feb 15 22:56:59 GMT 2023

configuration for border vm needs to come from somewhere so it's good
for more people than just me

- pci device for setting up the ethernet
- lns address
- uid so it can do 9p shares? do we need to map things here?

also need to document the host-side bits so that people can set up
their spare ethernet as vfio

next step for hacking is to figure out what I was doing with pppoe

Wed Feb 15 22:59:56 GMT 2023

docs ...

* introduction

* user guide
** how to build it
** how to flash it on your device
** what to put in configuration.nix
** modules

* developer guide
** building/running with qemu
*** emulated upstream
** building/running on hardware
*** run in place with TFTP
*** emulated upstream
** CI
** Roadmap
** Contributing



 nix-shell -p sphinx --run "make -C doc html"

https://francis.begyn.be/blog/nixos-home-router contains information about avahi reflector


Fri Feb 17 00:09:34 GMT 2023

   29 11.282085831 81.187.76.242 → 8.8.8.8      ICMP 106 Echo (ping) request  id=0x0187, seq=2/512, 4
   30 11.286314642 90.155.53.19 → 81.187.76.242 ICMP 78 Destination unreachable (Communication admin)

We're getting packets over the pppoe-l2tp relay thing. Just have to
work out now why we're not routing

Fri Feb 17 16:54:41 GMT 2023

Haha.  We weren't routing because we'd used the wrong CHAP password



Fri Feb 17 16:58:27 GMT 2023

This TODO is for nlnet task 1 and for bits of subsequent tasks that
are annoying enough that I might poke at them anyway:


1) gl-ar750, why do we get "ag71xx 19000000.eth: invalid MAC address, using random address"
2) gl-ar750, wifi
3) document services so I can remember how they work. Refer back to Oct 18 for notes that no longer make sense
4) check out restart behaviour of dependent services when depended-on service dies
5) pppd _creates_ an interface, work out how to fit it into this model
6) add bridge support for lan
7) upgrade ppp to something with an ipv6-up-script option, move ppp and pppoe derivations into their own files
8) get ipv6 address from pppoe
9) get ipv6 delegation from pppoe and add prefix to lan
10) support dhcp6 in dnsmasq, and advertise prefix on lan
11) firewalling and nat - default deny or zero trust?
13) should we check that references to outputs actually correspond with
14) make a flake?
15) see if there are other tests that need adding to CI
15a) is bordervm derivation tested?
18) gl-mt300a
19) gl-mt300n-v2


12) write secrets holder as a service with outputs
16) writable filesystem (ubifs?)
17) overlay with squashfs/ubifs - useful? think about workflows for how this thing is installed


I could plug tninkpad into the gl-ar750 LAN port to dogfood the wired
networking