Export a new 'suiteb192' capability to indicate that wpa_supplicant was
built with WPA-EAP-SUITE-B-192 support and accepts
'key_mgmt=WPA-EAP-SUITE-B-192'.
Signed-off-by: Antonio Cardace <acardace@redhat.com>
Report failures at lower layer to the upper layer D-Bus handling of
socket registration to allow failures to be addressed more cleanly.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@codeaurora.org>
The D-Bus implementation of RemoveAllNetworks differs wildly from the
CLI implementation. Let's share the implementations.
This resolves use-after-free bugs I noticed, where we continue to use
the 'wpa_s->current_ssid' wpa_ssid object after freeing it, because we
didn't bother to disconnect from (and set to NULL) current_ssid before
freeing it.
Signed-off-by: Brian Norris <briannorris@chromium.org>
Add D-Bus interface for ROAM command, imitating the existing wpa_cli
command.
Chromium OS has been carrying a form of this patch for a very long time.
I've cleaned it up a bit and documented it.
Signed-off-by: Brian Norris <briannorris@chromium.org>
This is needed for clearing previously set parameters in a similar
manner that was already available through the control interface
SET_NETWORK command.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wang <matthewmwang@chromium.org>
Teach wpa_supplicant to {de,}initialize bgscans when bgscan parameters
are set after initial connection.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wang <matthewmwang@chromium.org>
Currently, wpa_config_set(), the function that sets wpa_supplicant
per-network properties, returns 1 when a property it attempts to set is
unchanged. Its global parallel, wpa_config_process_global(), doesn't do
this even though much of the code is very similar. Change this, and
several of the parser functions, to resemble the per-network parser and
setter functions.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wang <matthewmwang@chromium.org>
When network properties are updated via dbus, wpa_config_set() is used
to update the property in the wpa_ssid struct. If it returns 1, the
property was not changed and there's no need to perform any of the
update actions.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wang <matthewmwang@chromium.org>
D-Bus clients can call CreateInterface() once and use the resulting
Interface object to connect multiple times to different networks.
However, if the network interface gets added to a bridge, clients
currently have to remove the Interface object and create a new one.
Improve this by supporting the change of the BridgeIfname property of
an existing Interface object.
Signed-off-by: Beniamino Galvani <bgalvani@redhat.com>
ignore_broadcast_ssid is supported when using with the config
file. But it generates an error if you try to set it via the
DBus interface.
Signed-off-by: Yegor Yefremov <yegorslists@googlemail.com>
It was apparently possible to hit the 20000 octet limit in some cases,
so increase the limit to avoid process termination due to insufficient
room for preparing a response to Introspect calls.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Add a build flag CONFIG_NO_TKIP=y to remove all TKIP functionality from
hostapd and wpa_supplicant builds. This disables use of TKIP as both the
pairwise and group cipher. The end result does not interoperate with a
WPA(v1)-only device or WPA+WPA2 mixed modes.
Signed-off-by: Disha Das <dishad@codeaurora.org>
Support Extended Key ID in wpa_supplicant according to
IEEE Std 802.11-2016 for infrastructure (AP) associations.
Extended Key ID allows to rekey pairwise keys without the otherwise
unavoidable MPDU losses on a busy link. The standard is fully backward
compatible, allowing STAs to also connect to APs not supporting it.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Wetzel <alexander@wetzel-home.de>
These are theoretical cases with 32-bit integers, but cases that could
potentially hit an integer overflow with 16-bit int.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
This will be present when the driver supports SAE and it's included in
the wpa_supplicant build.
Signed-off-by: Brian Norris <briannorris@chromium.org>
WEP should not be used for anything anymore. As a step towards removing
it completely, move all WEP related functionality to be within
CONFIG_WEP blocks. This will be included in builds only if CONFIG_WEP=y
is explicitly set in build configuration.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
This array had not been updated for years (since it was initially added)
and it was missing new network profile parameters that were not quoted
strings (but also not integers that could be set as integer types). Add
those missing non-quoted-strings to allow them to be set through the
DBus interface.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
These parameters are global parameters, not network profile parameters,
and as such, do not below in dont_quote[] which is used to determine
whether a network profile parameter needs to be quoted.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
These properties were in the wpas_dbus_bss_properties array when they
should have been in the wpas_dbus_interface_properties array. Move them
to the right place. This is the logical location for these properties
and it matches both the other parts of the implementation (e.g., being
in enum wpas_dbus_prop, not in enum wpas_dbus_bss_prop) and what
was originally documented for the interface in dbus.doxygen.
Fixes: 2bbad1c7c9 ("dbus: Export roam time, roam complete, and session length")
Fixes: 80d06d0ca9 ("dbus: Export BSS Transition Management status")
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wang <matthewmwang@chromium.org>
This allows a P2P connection over P802.11ay EDMG channels to achieve the
highest link speed that the standard allows for channel bonding (CB) up
to CB4.
Let each P2P peer add its EDMG channels to the Supported Channels IE
advertised in P2P GO negotiation. Give EDMG channels priority when peers
negotiate for operating channel.
User may add 'edmg' parameter to p2p_connect, p2p_add_group, and
p2p_invite commands to prefer an EDMG channel for the P2P link. User may
also set p2p_go_edmg=1 in wpa_supplicant configuration file to prefer
EDMG.
When EDMG is used, P2P will try to find the highest channel bonding
supported channel that matches the frequency parameter, if the devices
do not support EDMG, the P2P connection will use a legacy (1-6) 60 GHz
channel.
Signed-off-by: Ahmad Masri <amasri@codeaurora.org>
Add D-Bus property:
* MACAddressRandomizationMask: a{say}
which configure random MAC address functionality in the Wi-Fi
driver via netlink.
Signed-off-by: Eric Caruso <ejcaruso@chromium.org>
Export a new 'owe' capability to indicate that wpa_supplicant was
built with OWE support and accepts 'key_mgmt=OWE'. Also, support 'owe'
in the array of BSS' available key managements.
Signed-off-by: Beniamino Galvani <bgalvani@redhat.com>
When the P2P management interface is deleted, P2P is then disabled and
global->p2p_init_wpa_s is set to NULL. After that, other interfaces can
still trigger P2P functions (like wpas_p2p_find()) using D-Bus. This
makes wpa_supplicant terminate with SIGSEGV, because it dereferences a
NULL pointer. Fix this by adding proper checks, like it's done with
wpa_cli.
CC: Beniamino Galvani <bgalvani@redhat.com>
CC: Benjamin Berg <benjamin@sipsolutions.net>
Reported-by: Vladimir Benes <vbenes@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Davide Caratti <davide.caratti@gmail.com>
wpa_s->dbus_groupobj_path is always NULL so suppress to show it.
This was found by gcc 9.2.1 warning.
dbus/dbus_new.c: In function ‘wpas_dbus_unregister_p2p_group’:
dbus/dbus_new.c:4793:3: warning: ‘%s’ directive argument is null [-Wformat-overflow=]
4793 | wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG,
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4794 | "%s: Group object '%s' already unregistered",
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4795 | __func__, wpa_s->dbus_groupobj_path);
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Signed-off-by: Masashi Honma <masashi.honma@gmail.com>
Hardcode this to be defined and remove the separate build options for
PMF since this functionality is needed with large number of newer
protocol extensions and is also something that should be enabled in all
WPA2/WPA3 networks.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
We intentionally don't emit property-changed signals on every property
update -- for "less timing critical" messages we delay up to 5
milliseconds waiting to see if we can batch them together. When the
timer hits, we emit the signal anyway and (potentially) log this
message. This amounts to effectively tracing every property update,
which can be quite excessive.
Lower this to MSGDUMP, so MSG_DEBUG can remain slightly more sane.
Signed-off-by: Brian Norris <briannorris@chromium.org>
wpa_dbus_dict_close_write() was not called if
fill_dict_with_properties() fails and that could result in leaking
memory. Fix this in two cases. There might be other missing calls to
jouni@codeaurora.org() on error paths, but those will need to be handled
separately with more complex changes.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@codeaurora.org>
This drops support for the fi.epitest.hostap.WPASupplicant D-Bus name
along with the associated CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_DBUS option. Nothing should
really be using this since 2010.
This is a just a straightforward removal. Perhaps the dbus_common.c and
dbus_new.c can be merged now. Also, the "_NEW" suffix of the config
option seems to make even less sense than it used to.
Signed-off-by: Lubomir Rintel <lkundrak@v3.sk>
The Wi-Fi Alliance Multi-AP Specification v1.0 allows onboarding of a
backhaul STA through WPS. To enable this, the backhaul STA needs to add
a Multi-AP IE to the WFA vendor extension element in the WSC M1 message
that indicates it supports the Multi-AP backhaul STA role. The Registrar
(if it support Multi-AP onboarding) will respond to that with a WSC M8
message that also contains the Multi-AP IE, and that contains the
credentials for the backhaul SSID (which may be different from the SSID
on which WPS is performed).
Introduce a new parameter to wpas_wps_start_pbc() and allow it to be
set via control interface's new multi_ap=1 parameter of WPS_PBC call.
multi_ap_backhaul_sta is set to 1 in the automatically created SSID.
Thus, if the AP does not support Multi-AP, association will fail and
WPS will be terminated.
Only wps_pbc is supported.
This commit adds the multi_ap argument only to the control socket
interface, not to the D-Bus interface.
Since WPS associates with the fronthaul BSS instead of the backhaul BSS,
we should not drop association if the AP announces fronthaul-only BSS.
Still, we should only do that in the specific case of WPS. Therefore,
add a check to multi_ap_process_assoc_resp() to allow association with a
fronthaul-only BSS if and only if key_mgmt contains WPS.
Signed-off-by: Davina Lu <ylu@quantenna.com>
Signed-off-by: Igor Mitsyanko <igor.mitsyanko.os@quantenna.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnout Vandecappelle (Essensium/Mind) <arnout@mind.be>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Golle <daniel@makrotopia.org>
Cc: Marianna Carrera <marianna.carrera.so@quantenna.com>
The previous implementation assumed the first entry coming out from the
dict is always service_type. That may not be the case, so properly
iterate over all dict entries in one loop instead of assuming what the
first entry is.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
This is probably not ideal, since it would be better if it ended up
being autogenerated somehow, but at least it's somewhat of an
improvement.
Also added a comment that encourages keeping the docs in sync.
Signed-off-by: Lubomir Rintel <lkundrak@v3.sk>
If we call p2p_flush from ctrl_iface, before calling p2p_flush() it
calls wpas_p2p_stop_find(). Add the same call to the matching D-Bus
method to clear all pending operations.
Signed-off-by: Amit Khatri <amit7861234@gmail.com>
An optional parameter "he" is added to p2p_connect, p2p_group_add, and
p2p_invite to enable 11ax HE support. The new p2p_go_he=1 configuration
parameter can be used to request this to be enabled by default.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@codeaurora.org>
wpa_s->bss_tm_status is within #ifdef CONFIG_WNM, so need to access it
through matching condition.
Fixes: 80d06d0ca9 ("dbus: Export BSS Transition Management status")
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
wpa_supplicant currently logs CTRL-EVENT-AUTH-FAILED errors when
authentication fails, but doesn't expose any property to the D-Bus
interface related to this.
This change adds the "AuthStatusCode" property to the interface, which
contains the IEEE 802.11 status code of the last authentication.
Signed-off-by: Alex Khouderchah <akhouderchah@chromium.org>
Add new Interface properties "BSSTMStatus", which carries the status of
the most recent BSS Transition Management request. This property will be
logged in UMA to measure 802.11v success.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wang <matthewmwang@chromium.org>
Add new Interface properties "RoamTime", "RoamComplete", and
"SessionLength". "RoamTime" carries the roam time of the most recent
roam in milliseconds. "RoamComplete" carries True or False corresponding
to the success status of the most recent roam. "SessionLength" carries
the number of milliseconds corresponding to how long the connection to
the last AP was before a roam or disconnect happened.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wang <matthewmwang@chromium.org>
Make vendor specific information elements (VSIE) available in peer
properties, so that VSIE of a specific peer can be retrieved using
peer's object path.
Signed-off-by: Nishant Chaprana <n.chaprana@samsung.com>
If the CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_DBUS_NEW is enabled but CONFIG_AP is
disabled the build fails. This is because dbus getters try to
access ap_iface member of wpa_supplicant struct which is defined
if and only if CONFIG_AP is enabled.
Signed-off-by: Michal Privoznik <mprivozn@redhat.com>
These do not really get truncated in practice, but it looks like some
newer compilers warn about the prints, so silence those by checking the
result and do something a bit more useful if the output would actually
get truncated.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Make it possible to list connected stations in AP mode over D-Bus, along
with some of their properties: rx/tx packets, bytes, capabilities, etc.
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Trudel-Lapierre <mathieu.trudel-lapierre@canonical.com>
Rebased by Julian Andres Klode <juliank@ubuntu.com> and updated to use
the new getter API.
Further modified by Andrej Shadura to not error out when not in AP mode
and to send separate StationAdded/StationRemoved signals instead of
changing signatures of existing StaAuthorized/StaDeauthorized signals.
Signed-off-by: Andrej Shadura <andrew.shadura@collabora.co.uk>
Properties argument specifies whether to add object's properties
or not, hence it doesn't need to be int.
Signed-off-by: Andrej Shadura <andrew.shadura@collabora.co.uk>
This lets us know whether we can attempt to use FT-PSK, FT-EAP,
FT-EAP-SHA384, FT-FILS-SHA256 or FT-FILS-SHA384.
Signed-off-by: Lubomir Rintel <lkundrak@v3.sk>
This reverts commit adf8f45f8a.
It is basically all wrong. The Pmf property did exist, with a signature of
"s" as documented in doc/dbus.doxygen. It was synthesized from
global_fields[].
The patch added a duplicate one, with a signature of "u", in violation
of D-Bus specification and to bemusement of tools that are careful
enough:
$ busctl introspect fi.w1.wpa_supplicant1 /fi/w1/wpa_supplicant1/Interfaces/666
Duplicate property
Signed-off-by: Lubomir Rintel <lkundrak@v3.sk>
This fixes sending of FindStopped, GroupFormationFailure, and
InvitationReceived signals in the case of separate P2P-Device interface.
This extends the coverage of the earlier commit
745d62322b ("dbus: Redirect P2P request to
the managment device if present") to these three functions that were
missing the redirection.
Some wireless controllers might have separate P2P-Device interface, see
as example result of 'iw dev':
phy#0
Unnamed/non-netdev interface
...
type P2P-device
...
Interface wlp2s0
type managed
...
In this case there is separate 'struct wpa_supplicant' created for this
p2p-dev-* device as result of 'wpa_supplicant_add_iface >
wpas_p2p_add_p2pdev_interface > wpa_supplicant_add_iface'.
This instance of wpa_supplicant is not registered in D-Bus
(wpas_dbus_register_*) since for corresponding P2P device interface flag
'struct wpa_interface > p2p_mgmt' is set.
But this instance is saved in p2p_init_wpa_s and is used for handling
P2P related D-Bus commands. Therefore we should look for D-Bus path in
the parent of p2p_init_wpa_s instance.
Without this change test dbus_p2p_discovery starts failing if we set
support_p2p_device in vm-run.sh.
Signed-off-by: Vasyl Vavrychuk <vvavrychuk@gmail.com>
If any of the interfaces supports FILS (and similarly for FILS-SK-PFS),
include the "fils" (and "fils_sk_pfs") capability in D-Bus information.
Signed-off-by: Masashi Honma <masashi.honma@gmail.com>
This introduces a new interface for mesh and adds a signal that
is similar to the control interface event MESH-GROUP-STARTED.
Signed-off-by: Saurav Babu <saurav.babu@samsung.com>
This patch adds "TDLSCancelChannelSwitch" dbus method on
"fi.w1.wpa_supplicant1.Interface" interface to disable channel switching
with a TDLS peer.
Signed-off-by: Nishant Chaprana <n.chaprana@samsung.com>
This patch adds "TDLSChannelSwitch" dbus method on
"fi.w1.wpa_supplicant1.Interface" interface to enable channel switching
with a TDLS peer.
Signed-off-by: Nishant Chaprana <n.chaprana@samsung.com>
This leads to cleaner code overall, and also reduces the size
of the hostapd and wpa_supplicant binaries (in hwsim test build
on x86_64) by about 2.5 and 3.5KiB respectively.
The mechanical conversions all over the code were done with
the following spatch:
@@
expression SIZE, SRC;
expression a;
@@
-a = os_malloc(SIZE);
+a = os_memdup(SRC, SIZE);
<...
if (!a) {...}
...>
-os_memcpy(a, SRC, SIZE);
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
This can be used to determine whether the driver supports PMF and if so,
with which group management cipher suites. In addition, add the missing
pairwise and group cipher suite values to the documentation while adding
this new entry there as well.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Previous version could have used uninitialized char* when a DMG with
invalid capabilities were added to BSS table from scan results.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
This allows user to start P2P Find/Scan on a particular frequency and
then move to scanning social channels. This support is already present
on control socket.
Signed-off-by: Amit Purwar <amit.purwar@samsung.com>
This commit adds IP address information into GroupStarted event on the
P2P client side like it is sent over the control interface.
Signed-off-by: Nishant Chaprana <n.chaprana@samsung.com>
This patch aims to expose the configuration file path as an interface
property, like is done with the driver and the bridge name. Doing so,
higher layer programs become responsible to recreate interfaces with the
correct configuration file path when programs need to remove them.
Signed-off-by: Jose Blanquicet <blanquicet@gmail.com>
All the 3 control interfaces: socket based, dbus & binder needs to
perform the same sequence of steps for network add/remove. So, move
these to a common utility method in |wpa_supplicant.c| instead of
duplicating the code everywhere.
Signed-off-by: Roshan Pius <rpius@google.com>
Move out the disconnect command handling from |ctrl_iface.c| to
|wpa_supplicant.c| so that it can be reused across the different
control interfaces (socket, dbus & binder).
Signed-off-by: Roshan Pius <rpius@google.com>
Now that mesh sets wpa_s->wpa_state = WPA_COMPLETED, it looks like this
getter can get called with wpa_s->current_ssid = NULL. That could result
in NULL pointer dereference, so need to protect that specific case.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
This signal sends the peer properties to applications for discovered
peers. The signature of this event is "oa{sv}". This event is needed
because the current DeviceFound signal provides only the peer object
path. If there are many peers in range there will be many DeviceFound
signals and for each DeviceFound signal, applications would need to use
GetAll to fetch peer properties. Doing this many times would create
extra load over application as well as over wpa_supplicant, so it is
better to send peer properties in the event so that applications can
extract found peer information without extra steps.
The existing DeviceFound signal is left as-is to avoid changing its
signature.
The issue is not applicable to the control interface because the
P2P-DEVICE-FOUND event includes peer info in it, but over D-Bus
interface DeviceFound provides only the peer object.
Signed-off-by: Nishant Chaprana <n.chaprana@samsung.com>
This adds an extra parameter in GroupStarted signal to indicate whether
the created group is Persistent or not. It is similar to the
[PERSISTENT] tag which comes in P2P-GROUP-STARTED over the control
interface.
Signed-off-by: Nishant Chaprana <n.chaprana@samsung.com>
Instead of hardcoding "ad-hoc" in the array of supported capabilities,
add this only if the driver indicates support for IBSS.
Signed-off-by: Saurav Babu <saurav.babu@samsung.com>
(Re)Association Response frame with status code other than 0 is now
notified over DBUS as a part of PropertiesChanged signal. This can be
used by application in case AP is denying association with status code
17 (band steering) so that it does not interfere in the BSSID selection
logic of wpa_supplicant.
Signed-off-by: Naveen Singh <nasingh@google.com>
In many places in the code there was a reference to wpa_s->parent to get
from group interface to p2p_dev interface. These places can break if
P2P_DEVICE interface would need to be used with the primary interface as
the group interface, since the parent of the primary interface points to
itself and not the p2p_dev interface.
Fix this by adding a separate "p2pdev" pointer to wpa_supplicant,
it will be the same as parent pointer in most cases but whenever
the primary interface is used as a group interface, change it to
point to the correct p2p_dev interface.
Signed-off-by: Lior David <qca_liord@qca.qualcomm.com>
It does more than intended; apart from denying messages to that
particular interface it also denies all messages non-qualified with an
interface globally. This blocks messages completely unrelated to
wpa_supplicant, such as NetworkManager communication with the VPN
plugins.
From the dbus-daemon manual:
Be careful with send_interface/receive_interface, because the
interface field in messages is optional. In particular, do NOT
specify <deny send_interface="org.foo.Bar"/>! This will cause
no-interface messages to be blocked for all services, which is almost
certainly not what you intended. Always use rules of the form: <deny
send_interface="org.foo.Bar" send_destination="org.foo.Service"/>
We can just safely remove those rules, since we're sufficiently
protected by the send_destination matches and method calls are
disallowed by default anyway.
Signed-off-by: Lubomir Rintel <lkundrak@v3.sk>
If the config file for the interface says "p2p_disabled=1", don't report
p2p capabilities on this interface. This helps programs like Connman to
not enable p2p when it's been disabled in wpa_supplicant.
Signed-off-by: John Ernberg <john.ernberg@actia.se>
The maximum WPS Device Name length is 32 characters and that limit was
already enforced for the control interface and configuration files.
Signed-off-by: Purushottam Kushwaha <p.kushwaha@samsung.com>
At least one of the wpas_p2p_connect() callers (NFC join case) already
had access to the Group SSID. Pass that information through
wpas_p2p_connect() to wpas_p2p_join() so that the join operation can
filter out incorrect groups more easily.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
The new methods are
1. VendorElemAdd "i" "ay" i=integer ay=array of bytes
2. VendorElemGet "i" i=integer (output array of bytes)
3. VendorElemRem "i" "ay" i=integer ay=array of bytes
These provide functionality similar to the control interface commands
VENDOR_ELEM_ADD, VENDOR_ELEM_GET, and VENDOR_ELEM_REMOVE.
Signed-off-by: Avichal Agarwal <avichal.a@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Purushottam Kushwaha <p.kushwaha@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Kyeong-Chae Lim <kcya.lim@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Mayank Haarit <mayank.h@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Dilshad Ahmad <dilshad.a@samsung.com>
[VendorElemGet to return array of bytes instead of string; cleanup]
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
The new max_oper_chwidth and freq2 arguments to P2P_CONNECT, P2P_INVITE,
and P2P_GROUP_ADD control interface commands can be used to request
larger VHT operating channel bandwidth to be used than the previously
used maximum 80 MHz.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Free the message after message send in
wpas_dbus_signal_p2p_invitation_received() to avoid leaking memory.
Signed-off-by: Mayank Haarit <mayank.h@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Avichal Agarwal <avichal.a@samsung.com>
This is similar to SAVE_CONFIG on control interface, which allow users
to update the configuration file.
Signed-off-by: Purushottam Kushwaha <p.kushwaha@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Mayank Haarit <mayank.h@samsung.com>
