Write a function to find a duplicate item in a list of numbers. The values are
in the range [1, n]; the length of the list is n + 1. The solution should run in
linear time and consume constant space.
The solution is to construct a graph from the list. Each graph will have a cycle
where the last element in the cycle is a duplicate value.
See the solution for specific techniques on how to compute the length the cycle
without infinitely looping.