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/target
**/*.rs.bk
Cargo.lock

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[package]
name = "crimp"
description = "Higher-level Rust API for cURL bindings"
version = "0.2.2"
authors = ["Vincent Ambo <mail@tazj.in>"]
keywords = [ "http", "curl" ]
categories = [ "api-bindings" ]
license = "GPL-3.0-or-later"
repository = "https://github.com/tazjin/crimp"
[features]
default = [ "json" ]
json = [ "serde", "serde_json"]
[dependencies]
curl = "0.4"
serde = { version = "1.0", optional = true }
serde_json = { version = "1.0", optional = true }

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This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.

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crimp
=====
[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/tazjin/crimp.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/tazjin/crimp)
[![](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/crimp.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/crimp)
[![](https://docs.rs/crimp/badge.svg)](https://docs.rs/crimp)
Crimp is an HTTP client interface on top of the [Rust bindings][] to
cURL.
The documentation for this crate is primarily in the [module
documentation][]
[Rust bindings]: https://docs.rs/curl
[module documentation]: https://docs.rs/crimp

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// crimp - Higher-level Rust cURL API
//
// Copyright (C) 2019 Vincent Ambo
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
//! # crimp
//!
//! This library provides a simplified API over the [cURL Rust
//! bindings][] that resemble that of higher-level libraries such as
//! [reqwest][]. All calls are synchronous.
//!
//! `crimp` is intended to be used in situations where HTTP client
//! functionality is desired without adding a significant number of
//! dependencies or sacrificing too much usability.
//!
//! Using `crimp` to make HTTP requests is done using a simple
//! builder-pattern style API. For example, to make a `GET`-request
//! and print the result to `stdout`:
//!
//! ```rust
//! use crimp::Request;
//!
//! let response = Request::get("http://httpbin.org/get")
//! .user_agent("crimp test suite").unwrap()
//! .send().unwrap()
//! .as_string().unwrap();
//!
//! println!("Status: {}\nBody: {}", response.status, response.body);
//! # assert_eq!(response.status, 200);
//! ```
//!
//! If a feature from the underlying cURL library is missing, the
//! `Request::raw` method can be used as an escape hatch to deal with
//! the handle directly. Should you find yourself doing this, please
//! [file an issue][].
//!
//! `crimp` does not currently expose functionality for re-using a
//! cURL Easy handle, meaning that keep-alive of HTTP connections and
//! the like is not supported.
//!
//! ## Cargo features
//!
//! All optional features are enabled by default.
//!
//! * `json`: Adds `Request::json` and `Response::as_json` methods
//! which can be used for convenient serialisation of
//! request/response bodies using `serde_json`. This feature adds a
//! dependency on the `serde` and `serde_json` crates.
//!
//! ## Initialisation
//!
//! It is recommended to call the underlying `curl::init` method
//! (re-exported as `crimp::init`) when launching your application to
//! initialise the cURL library. This is not required, but will
//! otherwise occur the first time a request is made.
//!
//! [cURL Rust bindings]: https://docs.rs/curl
//! [reqwest]: https://docs.rs/reqwest
//! [file an issue]: https://github.com/tazjin/crimp/issues
extern crate curl;
#[cfg(feature = "json")] extern crate serde;
#[cfg(feature = "json")] extern crate serde_json;
pub use curl::init;
use curl::easy::{Auth, Easy, Form, List, Transfer, ReadError, WriteError};
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::io::Write;
use std::path::Path;
use std::string::{FromUtf8Error, ToString};
use std::time::Duration;
#[cfg(feature = "json")] use serde::Serialize;
#[cfg(feature = "json")] use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests;
/// HTTP method to use for the request.
enum Method {
Get, Post, Put, Patch, Delete
}
/// Certificate types for client-certificate key pairs.
pub enum CertType {
P12, PEM, DER
}
/// Builder structure for an HTTP request.
///
/// This is the primary API-type in `crimp`. After creating a new
/// request its parameters are modified using the various builder
/// methods until it is consumed by `send()`.
pub struct Request<'a> {
url: &'a str,
method: Method,
handle: Easy,
headers: List,
body: Body<'a>,
}
enum Body<'a> {
NoBody,
Form(Form),
Bytes {
content_type: &'a str,
data: &'a [u8],
},
#[cfg(feature = "json")]
Json(Vec<u8>),
}
/// HTTP responses structure containing response data and headers.
///
/// By default the `send()` function of the `Request` structure will
/// return a `Response<Vec<u8>>`. Convenience helpers exist for
/// decoding a string via `Response::as_string` or to a
/// `serde`-compatible type with `Response::as_json` (if the
/// `json`-feature is enabled).
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct Response<T> {
/// HTTP status code of the response.
pub status: u32,
/// HTTP headers returned from the remote.
pub headers: HashMap<String, String>,
/// Body data from the HTTP response.
pub body: T,
}
impl <'a> Request<'a> {
/// Initiate an HTTP request with the given method and URL.
fn new(method: Method, url: &'a str) -> Self {
Request {
url,
method,
handle: Easy::new(),
headers: List::new(),
body: Body::NoBody,
}
}
/// Initiate a GET request with the given URL.
pub fn get(url: &'a str) -> Self { Request::new(Method::Get, url) }
/// Initiate a POST request with the given URL.
pub fn post(url: &'a str) -> Self { Request::new(Method::Post, url) }
/// Initiate a PUT request with the given URL.
pub fn put(url: &'a str) -> Self { Request::new(Method::Put, url) }
/// Initiate a PATCH request with the given URL.
pub fn patch(url: &'a str) -> Self { Request::new(Method::Patch, url) }
/// Initiate a DELETE request with the given URL.
pub fn delete(url: &'a str) -> Self { Request::new(Method::Delete, url) }
/// Add an HTTP header to a request.
pub fn header(mut self, k: &str, v: &str) -> Result<Self, curl::Error> {
self.headers.append(&format!("{}: {}", k, v))?;
Ok(self)
}
/// Set the `User-Agent` for this request. By default this will be
/// set to cURL's standard user agent.
pub fn user_agent(mut self, agent: &str) -> Result<Self, curl::Error> {
self.handle.useragent(agent)?;
Ok(self)
}
/// Set the `Authorization` header to a `Bearer` value with the
/// supplied token.
pub fn bearer_auth(mut self, token: &str) -> Result<Self, curl::Error> {
self.headers.append(&format!("Authorization: Bearer {}", token))?;
Ok(self)
}
/// Set the `Authorization` header to a basic authentication value
/// from the supplied username and password.
pub fn basic_auth(mut self, username: &str, password: &str) -> Result<Self, curl::Error> {
let mut auth = Auth::new();
auth.basic(true);
self.handle.username(username)?;
self.handle.password(password)?;
self.handle.http_auth(&auth)?;
Ok(self)
}
/// Configure a TLS client certificate on the request.
///
/// Depending on whether the certificate file contains the private
/// key or not, calling `tls_client_key` may be required in
/// addition.
///
/// Consult the documentation for the `ssl_cert` and `ssl_key`
/// functions in `curl::easy::Easy2` for details on supported
/// formats and defaults.
pub fn tls_client_cert<P: AsRef<Path>>(mut self, cert_type: CertType, cert: P)
-> Result<Self, curl::Error> {
self.handle.ssl_cert(cert)?;
self.handle.ssl_cert_type(match cert_type {
CertType::P12 => "P12",
CertType::PEM => "PEM",
CertType::DER => "DER",
})?;
Ok(self)
}
/// Configure a TLS client certificate key on the request.
///
/// Note that this does **not** need to be called again for
/// PKCS12-encoded key pairs which are set via `tls_client_cert`.
///
/// Currently only PEM-encoded key files are supported.
pub fn tls_client_key<P: AsRef<Path>>(mut self, key: P) -> Result<Self, curl::Error> {
self.handle.ssl_key(key)?;
Ok(self)
}
/// Configure an encryption password for a TLS client certificate
/// key on the request.
///
/// This is required in case of an encrypted private key that
/// should be used.
pub fn tls_key_password(mut self, password: &str) -> Result<Self, curl::Error> {
self.handle.key_password(password)?;
Ok(self)
}
/// Configure a timeout for the request after which the request
/// will be aborted.
pub fn timeout(mut self, timeout: Duration) -> Result<Self, curl::Error> {
self.handle.timeout(timeout)?;
Ok(self)
}
/// Set custom configuration on the cURL `Easy` handle.
///
/// This function can be considered an "escape-hatch" from the
/// high-level API which lets users access the internal
/// `curl::easy::Easy` handle and configure options on it
/// directly.
///
/// ```
/// # use crimp::Request;
/// let response = Request::get("https://httpbin.org/get")
/// .with_handle(|mut handle| handle.referer("Example-Referer")).unwrap()
/// .send().unwrap();
/// #
/// # assert!(response.is_success());
/// ```
pub fn with_handle<F>(mut self, function: F) -> Result<Self, curl::Error>
where F: FnOnce(&mut Easy) -> Result<(), curl::Error> {
function(&mut self.handle)?;
Ok(self)
}
/// Add a byte-array body to a request using the specified
/// `Content-Type`.
pub fn body(mut self, content_type: &'a str, data: &'a [u8]) -> Self {
self.body = Body::Bytes { data, content_type };
self
}
/// Add a form-encoded body to a request using the `curl::Form`
/// type.
///
/// ```rust
/// # extern crate curl;
/// # extern crate serde_json;
/// # use crimp::*;
/// # use serde_json::{Value, json};
/// use curl::easy::Form;
///
/// let mut form = Form::new();
/// form.part("some-name")
/// .contents("some-data".as_bytes())
/// .add().unwrap();
///
/// let response = Request::post("https://httpbin.org/post")
/// .user_agent("crimp test suite").unwrap()
/// .form(form)
/// .send().unwrap();
/// #
/// # assert_eq!(200, response.status, "form POST should succeed");
/// # assert_eq!(
/// # response.as_json::<Value>().unwrap().body.get("form").unwrap(),
/// # &json!({"some-name": "some-data"}),
/// # "posted form data should match",
/// # );
/// ```
///
/// See the documentation of `curl::easy::Form` for details on how
/// to construct a form body.
pub fn form(mut self, form: Form) -> Self {
self.body = Body::Form(form);
self
}
/// Add a JSON-encoded body from a serializable type.
#[cfg(feature = "json")]
pub fn json<T: Serialize>(mut self, body: &T) -> Result<Self, serde_json::Error> {
let json = serde_json::to_vec(body)?;
self.body = Body::Json(json);
Ok(self)
}
/// Send the HTTP request and return a response structure
/// containing the raw body.
pub fn send(mut self) -> Result<Response<Vec<u8>>, curl::Error> {
// Configure request basics:
self.handle.url(self.url)?;
match self.method {
Method::Get => self.handle.get(true)?,
Method::Post => self.handle.post(true)?,
Method::Put => self.handle.put(true)?,
Method::Patch => self.handle.custom_request("PATCH")?,
Method::Delete => self.handle.custom_request("DELETE")?,
}
// Create structures in which to store the response data:
let mut headers = HashMap::new();
let mut body = vec![];
// Submit a form value to cURL if it is set and proceed
// pretending that there is no body, as the handling of this
// type of body happens under-the-hood.
if let Body::Form(form) = self.body {
self.handle.httppost(form)?;
self.body = Body::NoBody;
}
// Optionally set content type if a body payload is configured
// and configure the expected body size (or form payload).
match self.body {
Body::Bytes { content_type, data } => {
self.handle.post_field_size(data.len() as u64)?;
self.headers.append(&format!("Content-Type: {}", content_type))?;
},
#[cfg(feature = "json")]
Body::Json(ref data) => {
self.handle.post_field_size(data.len() as u64)?;
self.headers.append("Content-Type: application/json")?;
},
// Do not set content-type header at all if there is no
// body, or if the form handler was invoked above.
_ => (),
};
// Configure headers on the request:
self.handle.http_headers(self.headers)?;
{
// Take a scoped transfer from the Easy handle. This makes it
// possible to write data into the above local buffers without
// fighting the borrow-checker:
let mut transfer = self.handle.transfer();
// Write the payload if it exists:
match self.body {
Body::Bytes { data, .. } => chunked_read_function(&mut transfer, data)?,
#[cfg(feature = "json")]
Body::Json(ref json) => chunked_read_function(&mut transfer, json)?,
// Do nothing if there is no body or if the body is a
// form.
_ => (),
};
// Read one header per invocation. Request processing is
// terminated if any header is malformed:
transfer.header_function(|header| {
// Headers are expected to be valid UTF-8 data. If they
// are not, the conversion is lossy.
//
// Technically it is legal for HTTP requests to use
// different encodings, but we don't interface with such
// services for hygienic reasons.
let header = String::from_utf8_lossy(header);
let split = header.splitn(2, ':').collect::<Vec<_>>();
// "Malformed" headers are skipped. In most cases this
// will only be the HTTP version statement.
if split.len() != 2 {
return true;
}
headers.insert(
split[0].trim().to_string(), split[1].trim().to_string()
);
true
})?;
// Read the body to the allocated buffer.
transfer.write_function(|data| {
let len = data.len();
body.write_all(data)
.map(|_| len)
.map_err(|_| WriteError::Pause)
})?;
transfer.perform()?;
}
Ok(Response {
status: self.handle.response_code()?,
headers,
body
})
}
}
/// Provide a data chunk potentially larger than cURL's initial write
/// buffer to the data reading callback by tracking the offset off
/// already written data.
///
/// As we manually set the expected upload size, cURL will call the
/// read callback repeatedly until it has all the data it needs.
fn chunked_read_function<'easy, 'data>(transfer: &mut Transfer<'easy, 'data>,
data: &'data [u8]) -> Result<(), curl::Error> {
let mut data = data;
transfer.read_function(move |mut into| {
let written = into.write(data)
.map_err(|_| ReadError::Abort)?;
data = &data[written..];
Ok(written)
})
}
impl <T> Response<T> {
/// Check whether the status code of this HTTP response is a
/// success (i.e. in the 200-299 range).
pub fn is_success(&self) -> bool {
self.status >= 200 && self.status < 300
}
/// Check whether a request succeeded using `Request::is_success`
/// and let users provide a closure that creates a custom error
/// from the request if it did not.
///
/// This function exists for convenience to avoid having to write
/// repetitive `if !response.is_success() { ... }` blocks.
pub fn error_for_status<F, E>(self, closure: F) -> Result<Self, E>
where F: FnOnce(Self) -> E {
if !self.is_success() {
return Err(closure(self))
}
Ok(self)
}
}
impl Response<Vec<u8>> {
/// Attempt to parse the HTTP response body as a UTF-8 encoded
/// string.
pub fn as_string(self) -> Result<Response<String>, FromUtf8Error> {
let body = String::from_utf8(self.body)?;
Ok(Response {
body,
status: self.status,
headers: self.headers,
})
}
/// Attempt to deserialize the HTTP response body from JSON.
#[cfg(feature = "json")]
pub fn as_json<T: DeserializeOwned>(self) -> Result<Response<T>, serde_json::Error> {
let deserialized = serde_json::from_slice(&self.body)?;
Ok(Response {
body: deserialized,
status: self.status,
headers: self.headers,
})
}
}

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// All tests expect an httpbin instance to be available at
// `http://localhost:4662`.
//
// This is easily spun up using Docker by running:
//
// docker run --rm -p 4662:80 kennethreitz/httpbin
use super::*;
use serde_json::{Value, json};
// These tests check whether the correct HTTP method is used in the
// requests.
#[test]
fn test_http_get() {
let resp = Request::get("http://127.0.0.1:4662/get")
.send().expect("failed to send request");
assert!(resp.is_success(), "request should have succeeded");
}
#[test]
fn test_http_delete() {
let resp = Request::delete("http://127.0.0.1:4662/delete")
.send().expect("failed to send request");
assert_eq!(200, resp.status, "response status should be 200 OK");
}
#[test]
fn test_http_put() {
let resp = Request::put("http://127.0.0.1:4662/put")
.send().expect("failed to send request");
assert_eq!(200, resp.status, "response status should be 200 OK");
}
#[test]
fn test_http_patch() {
let resp = Request::patch("http://127.0.0.1:4662/patch")
.send().expect("failed to send request");
assert_eq!(200, resp.status, "response status should be 200 OK");
}
// These tests perform various requests with different body payloads
// and verify that those were received correctly by the remote side.
#[test]
fn test_http_post() {
let body = "test body";
let response = Request::post("http://127.0.0.1:4662/post")
.user_agent("crimp test suite").expect("failed to set user-agent")
.timeout(Duration::from_secs(5)).expect("failed to set request timeout")
.body("text/plain", &body.as_bytes())
.send().expect("failed to send request")
.as_json::<Value>().expect("failed to deserialize response");
let data = response.body;
assert_eq!(200, response.status, "response status should be 200 OK");
assert_eq!(data.get("data").unwrap(), &json!("test body"),
"test body should have been POSTed");
assert_eq!(
data.get("headers").unwrap().get("Content-Type").unwrap(),
&json!("text/plain"),
"Content-Type should be `text/plain`",
);
}
#[cfg(feature = "json")] #[test]
fn test_http_post_json() {
let body = json!({
"purpose": "testing!"
});
let response = Request::post("http://127.0.0.1:4662/post")
.user_agent("crimp test suite").expect("failed to set user-agent")
.timeout(Duration::from_secs(5)).expect("failed to set request timeout")
.json(&body).expect("request serialization failed")
.send().expect("failed to send request")
.as_json::<Value>().expect("failed to deserialize response");
let data = response.body;
assert_eq!(200, response.status, "response status should be 200 OK");
assert_eq!(data.get("json").unwrap(), &body,
"test body should have been POSTed");
assert_eq!(
data.get("headers").unwrap().get("Content-Type").unwrap(),
&json!("application/json"),
"Content-Type should be `application/json`",
);
}
// Tests for different authentication methods that are supported
// out-of-the-box:
#[test]
fn test_bearer_auth() {
let response = Request::get("http://127.0.0.1:4662/bearer")
.bearer_auth("some-token").expect("failed to set auth header")
.send().expect("failed to send request");
assert!(response.is_success(), "authorized request should succeed");
}
#[test]
fn test_basic_auth() {
let request = Request::get("http://127.0.0.1:4662/basic-auth/alan_watts/oneness");
let response = request
.basic_auth("alan_watts", "oneness").expect("failed to set auth header")
.send().expect("failed to send request");
assert!(response.is_success(), "authorized request should succeed");
}
#[test]
fn test_large_body() {
// By default cURL buffers seem to be 2^16 bytes in size. The test
// size is therefore 2^16+1.
const BODY_SIZE: usize = 65537;
let resp = Request::post("http://127.0.0.1:4662/post")
.body("application/octet-stream", &[0; BODY_SIZE])
.send().expect("sending request")
.as_json::<Value>().expect("JSON deserialisation");
// httpbin returns the uploaded data as a string in the `data`
// field.
let data = resp.body.get("data").unwrap().as_str().unwrap();
assert_eq!(BODY_SIZE, data.len(), "uploaded data length should be correct");
}
// Tests for various other features.
#[test]
fn test_error_for_status() {
let response = Request::get("http://127.0.0.1:4662/patch")
.send().expect("failed to send request")
.error_for_status(|resp| format!("Response error code: {}", resp.status));
assert_eq!(Err("Response error code: 405".into()), response,
"returned error should be converted into Result::Err");
}