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merge(kontemplate): Integrate kontemplate at //depot/ops/kontemplate

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the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.

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Kontemplate - A simple Kubernetes templater
===========================================
[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/tazjin/kontemplate.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/tazjin/kontemplate)
[Kontemplate][] is a simple CLI tool that can take sets of Kubernetes resource
files with placeholders and insert values per environment.
This tool was made because in many cases all I want in terms of Kubernetes
configuration is simple value interpolation per environment (i.e. Kubernetes
cluster), but with the same deployment files.
In my experience this is often enough and more complex solutions such as
[Helm][] are not required.
Check out a Kontemplate setup example and the feature list below!
<!-- markdown-toc start - Don't edit this section. Run M-x markdown-toc-refresh-toc -->
**Table of Contents**
- [Kontemplate - A simple Kubernetes templater](#kontemplate---a-simple-kubernetes-templater)
- [Features](#features)
- [Example](#example)
- [Installation](#installation)
- [Homebrew](#homebrew)
- [Arch Linux](#arch-linux)
- [Building repeatably from source](#building-repeatably-from-source)
- [Building from source](#building-from-source)
- [Usage](#usage)
- [Contributing](#contributing)
<!-- markdown-toc end -->
## Features
* [Simple, yet powerful templates](docs/templates.md)
* [Clean cluster configuration files](docs/cluster-config.md)
* [Resources organised as simple resource sets](docs/resource-sets.md)
* Integration with pass
* Integration with kubectl
## Example
Kontemplate lets you describe resources as you normally would in a simple folder structure:
```
.
├── prod-cluster.yaml
└── some-api
├── deployment.yaml
└── service.yaml
```
This example has all resources belonging to `some-api` (no file naming conventions enforced at all!) in the `some-api`
folder and the configuration for the cluster `prod-cluster` in the corresponding file.
Lets take a short look at `prod-cluster.yaml`:
```yaml
---
context: k8s.prod.mydomain.com
global:
globalVar: lizards
include:
- name: some-api
values:
version: 1.0-0e6884d
importantFeature: true
apiPort: 4567
```
Those values are then templated into the resource files of `some-api`. That's it!
You can also set up more complicated folder structures for organisation, for example:
```
.
├── api
│   ├── image-api
│   │   └── deployment.yaml
│   └── music-api
│   └── deployment.yaml
│   │   └── default.json
├── frontend
│   ├── main-app
│   │   ├── deployment.yaml
│   │   └── service.yaml
│   └── user-page
│   ├── deployment.yaml
│   └── service.yaml
├── prod-cluster.yaml
└── test-cluster.yaml
```
And selectively template or apply resources with a command such as
`kontemplate apply test-cluster.yaml --include api --include frontend/user-page`
to only update the `api` resource sets and the `frontend/user-page` resource set.
## Installation
It is recommended to install Kontemplate from the signed binary releases available on the
[releases page][]. Release binaries are available for Linux, OS X, FreeBSD and Windows.
### Homebrew
OS X users with Homebrew installed can "tap" Kontemplate like such:
```sh
brew tap tazjin/kontemplate https://github.com/tazjin/kontemplate
brew install kontemplate
```
### NixOS
Kontemplate has been included in [NixOS](https://nixos.org/) since version 17.09.
It is available as `kontemplate` from the default Nix package set.
### Arch Linux
An [AUR package][] is available for Arch Linux and other `pacman`-based distributions.
### Building from source
Assuming you have Go configured correctly, you can simply `go get github.com/tazjin/kontemplate/...`.
## Usage
You must have `kubectl` installed to use Kontemplate effectively.
```
usage: kontemplate [<flags>] <command> [<args> ...]
simple Kubernetes resource templating
Flags:
-h, --help Show context-sensitive help (also try --help-long and --help-man).
-i, --include=INCLUDE ... Resource sets to include explicitly
-e, --exclude=EXCLUDE ... Resource sets to exclude explicitly
Commands:
help [<command>...]
Show help.
template <file>
Template resource sets and print them
apply [<flags>] <file>
Template resources and pass to 'kubectl apply'
replace <file>
Template resources and pass to 'kubectl replace'
delete <file>
Template resources and pass to 'kubectl delete'
create <file>
Template resources and pass to 'kubectl create'
```
Examples:
```
# Look at output for a specific resource set and check to see if it's correct ...
kontemplate template example/prod-cluster.yaml -i some-api
# ... maybe do a dry-run to see what kubectl would do:
kontemplate apply example/prod-cluster.yaml --dry-run
# And actually apply it if you like what you see:
kontemplate apply example/prod-cluster.yaml
```
Check out the feature list and the individual feature documentation above. Then you should be good to go!
## Contributing
Feel free to contribute pull requests, file bugs and open issues with feature suggestions!
Kontemplate is licensed under the GPLv3, a copy of the license and its terms can be found
in the `LICENSE` file.
Please follow the [code of conduct](CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md).
[Kontemplate]: http://kontemplate.works
[Helm]: https://helm.sh/
[releases page]: https://github.com/tazjin/kontemplate/releases
[AUR package]: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/kontemplate-git/
[Repeatr]: http://repeatr.io/

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#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -ueo pipefail
# Copyright (C) 2016-2019 Vincent Ambo <mail@tazj.in>
#
# This file is part of Kontemplate.
#
# Kontemplate is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
readonly GIT_HASH="$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
readonly LDFLAGS="-X main.gitHash=${GIT_HASH} -w -s"
readonly VERSION="1.8.0-${GIT_HASH}"
function binary-name() {
local os="${1}"
local target="${2}"
if [ "${os}" = "windows" ]; then
echo -n "${target}/kontemplate.exe"
else
echo -n "${target}/kontemplate"
fi
}
function build-for() {
local os="${1}"
local arch="${2}"
local target="release/${os}/${arch}"
local bin=$(binary-name "${os}" "${target}")
echo "Building kontemplate for ${os}-${arch} in ${target}"
mkdir -p "${target}"
env GOOS="${os}" GOARCH="${arch}" go build \
-ldflags "${LDFLAGS}" \
-o "${bin}" \
-tags netgo
}
function sign-for() {
local os="${1}"
local arch="${2}"
local target="release/${os}/${arch}"
local bin=$(binary-name "${os}" "${target}")
local tar="release/kontemplate-${VERSION}-${os}-${arch}.tar.gz"
echo "Packing release into ${tar}"
tar czvf "${tar}" -C "${target}" $(basename "${bin}")
local hash=$(sha256sum "${tar}")
echo "Signing kontemplate release tarball for ${os}-${arch} with SHA256 ${hash}"
gpg --armor --detach-sig --sign "${tar}"
}
case "${1}" in
"build")
# Build releases for various operating systems:
build-for "linux" "amd64"
build-for "darwin" "amd64"
build-for "windows" "amd64"
build-for "freebsd" "amd64"
exit 0
;;
"sign")
# Bundle and sign releases:
sign-for "linux" "amd64"
sign-for "darwin" "amd64"
sign-for "windows" "amd64"
sign-for "freebsd" "amd64"
exit 0
;;
esac

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// Copyright (C) 2016-2019 Vincent Ambo <mail@tazj.in>
//
// This file is part of Kontemplate.
//
// Kontemplate is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
package context
import (
"fmt"
"path"
"strings"
"github.com/tazjin/kontemplate/util"
)
type ResourceSet struct {
// Name of the resource set. This can be used in include/exclude statements during kontemplate runs.
Name string `json:"name"`
// Path to the folder containing the files for this resource set. This defaults to the value of the 'name' field
// if unset.
Path string `json:"path"`
// Values to include when interpolating resources from this resource set.
Values map[string]interface{} `json:"values"`
// Args to pass on to kubectl for this resource set.
Args []string `json:"args"`
// Nested resource sets to include
Include []ResourceSet `json:"include"`
// Parent resource set for flattened resource sets. Should not be manually specified.
Parent string
}
type Context struct {
// The name of the kubectl context
Name string `json:"context"`
// Global variables that should be accessible by all resource sets
Global map[string]interface{} `json:"global"`
// File names of YAML or JSON files including extra variables that should be globally accessible
VariableImportFiles []string `json:"import"`
// The resource sets to include in this context
ResourceSets []ResourceSet `json:"include"`
// Variables imported from additional files
ImportedVars map[string]interface{}
// Explicitly set variables (via `--var`) that should override all others
ExplicitVars map[string]interface{}
// This field represents the absolute path to the context base directory and should not be manually specified.
BaseDir string
}
func contextLoadingError(filename string, cause error) error {
return fmt.Errorf("Context loading failed on file %s due to: \n%v", filename, cause)
}
// Attempt to load and deserialise a Context from the specified file.
func LoadContext(filename string, explicitVars *[]string) (*Context, error) {
var ctx Context
err := util.LoadData(filename, &ctx)
if err != nil {
return nil, contextLoadingError(filename, err)
}
ctx.BaseDir = path.Dir(filename)
// Prepare the resource sets by resolving parents etc.
ctx.ResourceSets = flattenPrepareResourceSetPaths(&ctx.BaseDir, &ctx.ResourceSets)
// Add variables explicitly specified on the command line
ctx.ExplicitVars, err = loadExplicitVars(explicitVars)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("Error setting explicit variables: %v\n", err)
}
// Add variables loaded from import files
ctx.ImportedVars, err = ctx.loadImportedVariables()
if err != nil {
return nil, contextLoadingError(filename, err)
}
// Merge variables defined at different levels. The
// `mergeContextValues` function is documented with the merge
// hierarchy.
ctx.ResourceSets = ctx.mergeContextValues()
if err != nil {
return nil, contextLoadingError(filename, err)
}
return &ctx, nil
}
// Kontemplate supports specifying additional variable files with the
// `import` keyword. This function loads those variable files and
// merges them together with the context's other global variables.
func (ctx *Context) loadImportedVariables() (map[string]interface{}, error) {
allImportedVars := make(map[string]interface{})
for _, file := range ctx.VariableImportFiles {
// Ensure that the filename is not merged with the baseDir if
// it is set to an absolute path.
var filePath string
if path.IsAbs(file) {
filePath = file
} else {
filePath = path.Join(ctx.BaseDir, file)
}
var importedVars map[string]interface{}
err := util.LoadData(filePath, &importedVars)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
allImportedVars = *util.Merge(&allImportedVars, &importedVars)
}
return allImportedVars, nil
}
// Correctly prepares the file paths for resource sets by inferring implicit paths and flattening resource set
// collections, i.e. resource sets that themselves have an additional 'include' field set.
// Those will be regarded as a short-hand for including multiple resource sets from a subfolder.
// See https://github.com/tazjin/kontemplate/issues/9 for more information.
func flattenPrepareResourceSetPaths(baseDir *string, rs *[]ResourceSet) []ResourceSet {
flattened := make([]ResourceSet, 0)
for _, r := range *rs {
// If a path is not explicitly specified it should default to the resource set name.
// This is also the classic behaviour prior to kontemplate 1.2
if r.Path == "" {
r.Path = r.Name
}
// Paths are made absolute by resolving them relative to the context base,
// unless absolute paths were specified.
if !path.IsAbs(r.Path) {
r.Path = path.Join(*baseDir, r.Path)
}
if len(r.Include) == 0 {
flattened = append(flattened, r)
} else {
for _, subResourceSet := range r.Include {
if subResourceSet.Path == "" {
subResourceSet.Path = subResourceSet.Name
}
subResourceSet.Parent = r.Name
subResourceSet.Name = path.Join(r.Name, subResourceSet.Name)
subResourceSet.Path = path.Join(r.Path, subResourceSet.Path)
subResourceSet.Values = *util.Merge(&r.Values, &subResourceSet.Values)
flattened = append(flattened, subResourceSet)
}
}
}
return flattened
}
// Merges the context and resource set variables according in the
// desired precedence order.
//
// For now the reasoning behind the merge order is from least specific
// in relation to the cluster configuration, which means that the
// precedence is (in ascending order):
//
// 1. Default values in resource sets.
// 2. Values imported from files (via `import:`)
// 3. Global values in a cluster configuration
// 4. Values set in a resource set's `include`-section
// 5. Explicit values set on the CLI (`--var`)
//
// For a discussion on the reasoning behind this order, please consult
// https://github.com/tazjin/kontemplate/issues/142
func (ctx *Context) mergeContextValues() []ResourceSet {
updated := make([]ResourceSet, len(ctx.ResourceSets))
// Merging has to happen separately for every individual
// resource set to make use of the default values:
for i, rs := range ctx.ResourceSets {
// Begin by loading default values from the resource
// sets configuration.
//
// Resource sets are used across different cluster
// contexts and the default values in them have the
// lowest precedence.
defaultValues := loadDefaultValues(&rs, ctx)
// Continue by merging default values with values
// imported from external files. Those values are also
// used across cluster contexts, but have higher
// precedence than defaults.
merged := util.Merge(defaultValues, &ctx.ImportedVars)
// Merge global values defined in the cluster context:
merged = util.Merge(merged, &ctx.Global)
// Merge values configured in the resource set's
// `include` section:
merged = util.Merge(merged, &rs.Values)
// Merge values defined explicitly on the CLI:
merged = util.Merge(merged, &ctx.ExplicitVars)
// Continue with the newly merged resource set:
rs.Values = *merged
updated[i] = rs
}
return updated
}
// Loads default values for a resource set collection from
// path/to/set/default.{json|yaml}.
func loadDefaultValues(rs *ResourceSet, c *Context) *map[string]interface{} {
var defaultVars map[string]interface{}
for _, filename := range util.DefaultFilenames {
err := util.LoadData(path.Join(rs.Path, filename), &defaultVars)
if err == nil {
return &defaultVars
}
}
// The actual error is not inspected here. The reasoning for
// this is that in case of serious problems (e.g. permission
// issues with the folder / folder not existing) failure will
// occur a bit later anyways.
//
// Otherwise we'd have to differentiate between
// file-not-found-errors (no default values specified) and
// other errors here.
return &rs.Values
}
// Prepares the variables specified explicitly via `--var` when
// executing kontemplate for adding to the context.
func loadExplicitVars(vars *[]string) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
explicitVars := make(map[string]interface{}, len(*vars))
for _, v := range *vars {
varParts := strings.SplitN(v, "=", 2)
if len(varParts) != 2 {
return nil, fmt.Errorf(`invalid explicit variable provided (%s), name and value should be separated with "="`, v)
}
explicitVars[varParts[0]] = varParts[1]
}
return explicitVars, nil
}

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// Copyright (C) 2016-2019 Vincent Ambo <mail@tazj.in>
//
// This file is part of Kontemplate.
//
// Kontemplate is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
package context
import (
"reflect"
"testing"
)
var noExplicitVars []string = make([]string, 0)
func TestLoadFlatContextFromFile(t *testing.T) {
ctx, err := LoadContext("testdata/flat-test.yaml", &noExplicitVars)
if err != nil {
t.Error(err)
t.Fail()
}
expected := Context{
Name: "k8s.prod.mydomain.com",
Global: map[string]interface{}{
"globalVar": "lizards",
},
ResourceSets: []ResourceSet{
{
Name: "some-api",
Path: "testdata/some-api",
Values: map[string]interface{}{
"apiPort": float64(4567), // yep!
"importantFeature": true,
"version": "1.0-0e6884d",
"globalVar": "lizards",
},
Include: nil,
Parent: "",
},
},
BaseDir: "testdata",
ImportedVars: make(map[string]interface{}, 0),
ExplicitVars: make(map[string]interface{}, 0),
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(*ctx, expected) {
t.Error("Loaded context and expected context did not match")
t.Fail()
}
}
func TestLoadContextWithArgs(t *testing.T) {
ctx, err := LoadContext("testdata/flat-with-args-test.yaml", &noExplicitVars)
if err != nil {
t.Error(err)
t.Fail()
}
expected := Context{
Name: "k8s.prod.mydomain.com",
ResourceSets: []ResourceSet{
{
Name: "some-api",
Path: "testdata/some-api",
Values: make(map[string]interface{}, 0),
Args: []string{
"--as=some-user",
"--as-group=hello:world",
"--as-banana",
"true",
},
Include: nil,
Parent: "",
},
},
BaseDir: "testdata",
ImportedVars: make(map[string]interface{}, 0),
ExplicitVars: make(map[string]interface{}, 0),
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(*ctx, expected) {
t.Error("Loaded context and expected context did not match")
t.Fail()
}
}
func TestLoadContextWithResourceSetCollections(t *testing.T) {
ctx, err := LoadContext("testdata/collections-test.yaml", &noExplicitVars)
if err != nil {
t.Error(err)
t.Fail()
}
expected := Context{
Name: "k8s.prod.mydomain.com",
Global: map[string]interface{}{
"globalVar": "lizards",
},
ResourceSets: []ResourceSet{
{
Name: "some-api",
Path: "testdata/some-api",
Values: map[string]interface{}{
"apiPort": float64(4567), // yep!
"importantFeature": true,
"version": "1.0-0e6884d",
"globalVar": "lizards",
},
Include: nil,
Parent: "",
},
{
Name: "collection/nested",
Path: "testdata/collection/nested",
Values: map[string]interface{}{
"lizards": "good",
"globalVar": "lizards",
},
Include: nil,
Parent: "collection",
},
},
BaseDir: "testdata",
ImportedVars: make(map[string]interface{}, 0),
ExplicitVars: make(map[string]interface{}, 0),
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(*ctx, expected) {
t.Error("Loaded context and expected context did not match")
t.Fail()
}
}
func TestSubresourceVariableInheritance(t *testing.T) {
ctx, err := LoadContext("testdata/parent-variables.yaml", &noExplicitVars)
if err != nil {
t.Error(err)
t.Fail()
}
expected := Context{
Name: "k8s.prod.mydomain.com",
ResourceSets: []ResourceSet{
{
Name: "parent/child",
Path: "testdata/parent/child",
Values: map[string]interface{}{
"foo": "bar",
"bar": "baz",
},
Include: nil,
Parent: "parent",
},
},
BaseDir: "testdata",
ImportedVars: make(map[string]interface{}, 0),
ExplicitVars: make(map[string]interface{}, 0),
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(*ctx, expected) {
t.Error("Loaded and expected context did not match")
t.Fail()
}
}
func TestSubresourceVariableInheritanceOverride(t *testing.T) {
ctx, err := LoadContext("testdata/parent-variable-override.yaml", &noExplicitVars)
if err != nil {
t.Error(err)
t.Fail()
}
expected := Context{
Name: "k8s.prod.mydomain.com",
ResourceSets: []ResourceSet{
{
Name: "parent/child",
Path: "testdata/parent/child",
Values: map[string]interface{}{
"foo": "newvalue",
},
Include: nil,
Parent: "parent",
},
},
BaseDir: "testdata",
ImportedVars: make(map[string]interface{}, 0),
ExplicitVars: make(map[string]interface{}, 0),
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(*ctx, expected) {
t.Error("Loaded and expected context did not match")
t.Fail()
}
}
func TestDefaultValuesLoading(t *testing.T) {
ctx, err := LoadContext("testdata/default-loading.yaml", &noExplicitVars)
if err != nil {
t.Error(err)
t.Fail()
}
rs := ctx.ResourceSets[0]
if rs.Values["defaultValues"] != "loaded" {
t.Errorf("Default values not loaded from YAML file")
t.Fail()
}
if rs.Values["override"] != "notAtAll" {
t.Error("Default values should not override other values")
t.Fail()
}
}
func TestImportValuesLoading(t *testing.T) {
ctx, err := LoadContext("testdata/import-vars-simple.yaml", &noExplicitVars)
if err != nil {
t.Error(err)
t.Fail()
}
expected := map[string]interface{}{
"override": "true",
"music": map[string]interface{}{
"artist": "Pallida",
"track": "Tractor Beam",
},
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(ctx.ImportedVars, expected) {
t.Error("Expected imported values after loading imports did not match!")
t.Fail()
}
}
func TestExplicitPathLoading(t *testing.T) {
ctx, err := LoadContext("testdata/explicit-path.yaml", &noExplicitVars)
if err != nil {
t.Error(err)
t.Fail()
}
expected := Context{
Name: "k8s.prod.mydomain.com",
ResourceSets: []ResourceSet{
{
Name: "some-api-europe",
Path: "testdata/some-api",
Values: map[string]interface{}{
"location": "europe",
},
Include: nil,
Parent: "",
},
{
Name: "some-api-asia",
Path: "testdata/some-api",
Values: map[string]interface{}{
"location": "asia",
},
Include: nil,
Parent: "",
},
},
BaseDir: "testdata",
ImportedVars: make(map[string]interface{}, 0),
ExplicitVars: make(map[string]interface{}, 0),
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(*ctx, expected) {
t.Error("Loaded context and expected context did not match")
t.Fail()
}
}
func TestExplicitSubresourcePathLoading(t *testing.T) {
ctx, err := LoadContext("testdata/explicit-subresource-path.yaml", &noExplicitVars)
if err != nil {
t.Error(err)
t.Fail()
}
expected := Context{
Name: "k8s.prod.mydomain.com",
ResourceSets: []ResourceSet{
{
Name: "parent/child",
Path: "testdata/parent-path/child-path",
Parent: "parent",
Values: make(map[string]interface{}, 0),
},
},
BaseDir: "testdata",
ImportedVars: make(map[string]interface{}, 0),
ExplicitVars: make(map[string]interface{}, 0),
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(*ctx, expected) {
t.Error("Loaded context and expected context did not match")
t.Fail()
}
}
func TestSetVariablesFromArguments(t *testing.T) {
vars := []string{"version=some-service-version"}
ctx, _ := LoadContext("testdata/default-loading.yaml", &vars)
if version := ctx.ExplicitVars["version"]; version != "some-service-version" {
t.Errorf(`Expected variable "version" to have value "some-service-version" but was "%s"`, version)
}
}
func TestSetInvalidVariablesFromArguments(t *testing.T) {
vars := []string{"version: some-service-version"}
_, err := LoadContext("testdata/default-loading.yaml", &vars)
if err == nil {
t.Error("Expected invalid variable to return an error")
}
}
// This test ensures that variables are merged in the correct order.
// Please consult the test data in `testdata/merging`.
func TestValueMergePrecedence(t *testing.T) {
cliVars:= []string{"cliVar=cliVar"}
ctx, _ := LoadContext("testdata/merging/context.yaml", &cliVars)
expected := map[string]interface{}{
"defaultVar": "defaultVar",
"importVar": "importVar",
"globalVar": "globalVar",
"includeVar": "includeVar",
"cliVar": "cliVar",
}
result := ctx.ResourceSets[0].Values
if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, result) {
t.Errorf("Merged values did not match expected result: \n%v", result)
t.Fail()
}
}

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---
context: k8s.prod.mydomain.com
global:
globalVar: lizards
include:
- name: some-api
values:
version: 1.0-0e6884d
importantFeature: true
apiPort: 4567
- name: collection
include:
- name: nested
values:
lizards: good

6
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@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
---
context: default-loading
include:
- name: default
values:
override: notAtAll

2
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@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
defaultValues: loaded
override: noop

11
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@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
---
context: k8s.prod.mydomain.com
include:
- name: some-api-europe
path: some-api
values:
location: europe
- name: some-api-asia
path: some-api
values:
location: asia

8
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@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
---
context: k8s.prod.mydomain.com
include:
- name: parent
path: parent-path
include:
- name: child
path: child-path

10
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@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
---
context: k8s.prod.mydomain.com
global:
globalVar: lizards
include:
- name: some-api
values:
version: 1.0-0e6884d
importantFeature: true
apiPort: 4567

9
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@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
---
context: k8s.prod.mydomain.com
include:
- name: some-api
args:
- --as=some-user
- --as-group=hello:world
- --as-banana
- "true"

5
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@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
---
context: k8s.prod.mydomain.com
import:
- test-vars.yaml
include: []

15
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@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
# This context file is intended to test the merge hierarchy of
# variables defined at different levels.
---
context: merging.in.kontemplate.works
global:
globalVar: globalVar
includeVar: should be overridden (global)
cliVar: should be overridden (global)
import:
- import-vars.yaml
include:
- name: resource
values:
includeVar: includeVar
cliVar: should be overridden (include)

4
ops/kontemplate/context/testdata/merging/import-vars.yaml vendored Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
importVar: importVar
globalVar: should be overridden (import)
includeVar: should be overridden (import)
cliVar: should be overridden (import)

5
ops/kontemplate/context/testdata/merging/resource/default.yaml vendored Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
defaultVar: defaultVar
importVar: should be overridden (default)
globalVar: should be overridden (default)
includeVar: should be overridden (default)
cliVar: should be overridden (default)

5
ops/kontemplate/context/testdata/merging/resource/output.yaml vendored Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
defaultVar: {{ .defaultVar }}
importVar: {{ .importVar }}
globalVar: {{ .globalVar }}
includeVar: {{ .includeVar }}
cliVar: {{ .cliVar }}

10
ops/kontemplate/context/testdata/parent-variable-override.yaml vendored Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
---
context: k8s.prod.mydomain.com
include:
- name: parent
values:
foo: bar
include:
- name: child
values:
foo: newvalue

10
ops/kontemplate/context/testdata/parent-variables.yaml vendored Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
---
context: k8s.prod.mydomain.com
include:
- name: parent
values:
foo: bar
include:
- name: child
values:
bar: baz

3
ops/kontemplate/context/testdata/test-vars-override.yaml vendored Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
---
override: 3
place: Oslo

5
ops/kontemplate/context/testdata/test-vars.yaml vendored Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
---
override: 'true'
music:
artist: Pallida
track: Tractor Beam

36
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@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
# Copyright (C) 2016-2019 Vincent Ambo <mail@tazj.in>
#
# This file is part of Kontemplate.
#
# Kontemplate is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This file is the Nix derivation used to install Kontemplate on
# Nix-based systems.
{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
with pkgs; buildGoPackage rec {
name = "kontemplate-${version}";
version = "master";
src = ./.;
goPackagePath = "github.com/tazjin/kontemplate";
goDeps = ./deps.nix;
buildInputs = [ parallel ];
# Enable checks and configure check-phase to include vet:
doCheck = true;
preCheck = ''
for pkg in $(getGoDirs ""); do
buildGoDir vet "$pkg"
done
'';
meta = with lib; {
description = "A resource templating helper for Kubernetes";
homepage = "http://kontemplate.works/";
license = licenses.gpl3;
};
}

111
ops/kontemplate/deps.nix Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
# This file was generated by https://github.com/kamilchm/go2nix v1.3.0
[
{
goPackagePath = "github.com/Masterminds/goutils";
fetch = {
type = "git";
url = "https://github.com/Masterminds/goutils";
rev = "41ac8693c5c10a92ea1ff5ac3a7f95646f6123b0";
sha256 = "180px47gj936qyk5bkv5mbbgiil9abdjq6kwkf7sq70vyi9mcfiq";
};
}
{
goPackagePath = "github.com/Masterminds/semver";
fetch = {
type = "git";
url = "https://github.com/Masterminds/semver";
rev = "5bc3b9184d48f1412b300b87a200cf020d9254cf";
sha256 = "1vdfm653v50jf63cw0kg2hslx50cn4mk6lj3p51bi11jrg48kfng";
};
}
{
goPackagePath = "github.com/Masterminds/sprig";
fetch = {
type = "git";
url = "https://github.com/Masterminds/sprig";
rev = "6f509977777c33eae63b2136d97f7b976cb971cc";
sha256 = "05h9k6fhjxnpwlihj3z02q9kvqvnq53jix0ab84sx0666bci3cdh";
};
}
{
goPackagePath = "github.com/alecthomas/template";
fetch = {
type = "git";
url = "https://github.com/alecthomas/template";
rev = "fb15b899a75114aa79cc930e33c46b577cc664b1";
sha256 = "1vlasv4dgycydh5wx6jdcvz40zdv90zz1h7836z7lhsi2ymvii26";
};
}
{
goPackagePath = "github.com/alecthomas/units";
fetch = {
type = "git";
url = "https://github.com/alecthomas/units";
rev = "c3de453c63f4bdb4dadffab9805ec00426c505f7";
sha256 = "0js37zlgv37y61j4a2d46jh72xm5kxmpaiw0ya9v944bjpc386my";
};
}
{
goPackagePath = "github.com/ghodss/yaml";
fetch = {
type = "git";
url = "https://github.com/ghodss/yaml";
rev = "25d852aebe32c875e9c044af3eef9c7dc6bc777f";
sha256 = "1w9yq0bxzygc4qwkwwiy7k1k1yviaspcqqv18255k2xkjv5ipccz";
};
}
{
goPackagePath = "github.com/google/uuid";
fetch = {
type = "git";
url = "https://github.com/google/uuid";
rev = "c2e93f3ae59f2904160ceaab466009f965df46d6";
sha256 = "0zw8fvl6jqg0fmv6kmvhss0g4gkrbvgyvl2zgy5wdbdlgp4fja0h";
};
}
{
goPackagePath = "github.com/huandu/xstrings";
fetch = {
type = "git";
url = "https://github.com/huandu/xstrings";
rev = "8bbcf2f9ccb55755e748b7644164cd4bdce94c1d";
sha256 = "1ivvc95514z63k7cpz71l0dwlanffmsh1pijhaqmp41kfiby8rsx";
};
}
{
goPackagePath = "github.com/imdario/mergo";
fetch = {
type = "git";
url = "https://github.com/imdario/mergo";
rev = "4c317f2286be3bd0c4f1a0e622edc6398ec4656d";
sha256 = "0bihha1qsgfjk14yv1hwddv3d8dzxpbjlaxwwyys6lhgxz1cr9h9";
};
}
{
goPackagePath = "golang.org/x/crypto";
fetch = {
type = "git";
url = "https://go.googlesource.com/crypto";
rev = "9756ffdc24725223350eb3266ffb92590d28f278";
sha256 = "0q7hxaaq6lp0v8qqzifvysl47z5rfdlrxkh3d29vsl3wyby3dxl8";
};
}
{
goPackagePath = "gopkg.in/alecthomas/kingpin.v2";
fetch = {
type = "git";
url = "https://gopkg.in/alecthomas/kingpin.v2";
rev = "947dcec5ba9c011838740e680966fd7087a71d0d";
sha256 = "0mndnv3hdngr3bxp7yxfd47cas4prv98sqw534mx7vp38gd88n5r";
};
}
{
goPackagePath = "gopkg.in/yaml.v2";
fetch = {
type = "git";
url = "https://gopkg.in/yaml.v2";
rev = "51d6538a90f86fe93ac480b35f37b2be17fef232";
sha256 = "01wj12jzsdqlnidpyjssmj0r4yavlqy7dwrg7adqd8dicjc4ncsa";
};
}
]

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Cluster configuration
==========================
Every cluster (or "environment") that requires individual configuration is specified in
a very simple YAML file in Kontemplate.
An example file for a hypothetical test environment could look like this:
```yaml
---
context: k8s.test.mydomain.com
global:
clusterName: test-cluster
defaultReplicas: 2
import:
- test-secrets.yaml
include:
- name: gateway
path: tools/nginx
values:
tlsDomains:
- test.oslo.pub
- test.tazj.in
- path: backend
values:
env: test
include:
- name: blog
values:
url: test.tazj.in
- name: pub-service
```
<!-- markdown-toc start - Don't edit this section. Run M-x markdown-toc-refresh-toc -->
**Table of Contents**
- [Cluster configuration](#cluster-configuration)
- [Fields](#fields)
- [`context`](#context)
- [`global`](#global)
- [`import`](#import)
- [`include`](#include)
- [External variables](#external-variables)
<!-- markdown-toc end -->
## Fields
This is documentation for the individual fields in a cluster context file.
### `context`
The `context` field contains the name of the kubectl-context. You can list context names with
'kubectl config get-contexts'.
This must be set here so that Kontemplate can use the correct context when calling kubectl.
This field is **required** for `kubectl`-wrapping commands. It can be left out if only the `template`-command is used.
### `global`
The `global` field contains a key/value map of variables that should be available to all resource
sets in the cluster.
This field is **optional**.
### `import`
The `import` field contains the file names of additional YAML or JSON files from which global
variables should be loaded. Using this field makes it possible to keep certain configuration that
is the same for some, but not all, clusters in a common place.
This field is **optional**.
### `include`
The `include` field contains the actual resource sets to be included in the cluster.
Information about the structure of resource sets can be found in the [resource set documentation][].
This field is **required**.
## External variables
As mentioned above, extra variables can be loaded from additional YAML or JSON files. Assuming you
have a file called `test-secrets.yaml` which contains variables that should be shared between a `test`
and `dev` cluster, you could include it in your context as such:
```yaml
# test-secrets.yaml:
mySecretVar: foo-bar-12345
# test-cluster.yaml:
context: k8s.test.mydomain.com
include:
- test-secrets.yaml
# dev-cluster.yaml:
context: k8s.dev.mydomain.com
include:
- test-secrets.yaml
```
The variable `mySecretVar` is then available as a global variable.
[resource set documentation]: resource-sets.md

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Resource Sets
================
Resource sets are collections of Kubernetes resources that should be passed to `kubectl` together.
Technically a resource set is simply a folder with a few YAML and/or JSON templates in it.
<!-- markdown-toc start - Don't edit this section. Run M-x markdown-toc-refresh-toc -->
**Table of Contents**
- [Resource Sets](#resource-sets)
- [Creating resource sets](#creating-resource-sets)
- [Default variables](#default-variables)
- [Including resource sets](#including-resource-sets)
- [Fields](#fields)
- [`name`](#name)
- [`path`](#path)
- [`values`](#values)
- [`args`](#args)
- [`include`](#include)
- [Multiple includes](#multiple-includes)
- [Nesting resource sets](#nesting-resource-sets)
- [Caveats](#caveats)
<!-- markdown-toc end -->
# Creating resource sets
Simply create a folder in your Kontemplate repository and place a YAML or JSON file in it. These
files get interpreted as [templates][] during Kontemplate runs and variables (as well as template
logic or functions) will be interpolated.
Refer to the template documentation for information on how to write templates.
## Default variables
Sometimes it is useful to specify default values for variables that should be interpolated during
a run if the [cluster configuration][] does not specify a variable explicitly.
This can be done simply by placing a `default.yaml` or `default.json` file in the resource set
folder and filling it with key/value pairs of the intended default variables.
Kontemplate will error during interpolation if any variables are left unspecified.
# Including resource sets
Under the cluster configuration `include` key resource sets are included and required variables
are specified. For example:
```yaml
include:
- name: some-api
values:
version: 1.2-SNAPSHOT
```
This will include a resource set from a folder called `some-api` and set the specified `version` variable.
## Fields
The available fields when including a resource set are these:
### `name`
The `name` field contains the name of the resource set. This name can be used to refer to the resource set
when specifying explicit includes or excludes during a run.
By default it is assumed that the `name` is the path to the resource set folder, but this can be overridden.
This field is **required**.
### `path`
The `path` field specifies an explicit path to a resource set folder in the case that it should differ from
the resource set's `name`.
This field is **optional**.
### `values`
The `values` field specifies key/values pairs of variables that should be available during templating.
This field is **optional**.
### `args`
The `args` field specifies a list of arguments that should be passed to `kubectl`.
This field is **optional**.
### `include`
The `include` field specifies additional resource sets that should be included and that should inherit the
variables of this resource set.
The fully qualified names of "nested" resource sets are set to `${PARENT_NAME}/${CHILD_NAME}` and paths are
merged in the same way.
This makes it easy to organise different resource sets as "groups" to include / exclude them collectively
during runs.
This field is **optional**.
## Multiple includes
Resource sets can be included multiple times with different configurations. In this case it is recommended
to set the `path` and `name` fields explicitly. For example:
```yaml
include:
- name: forwarder-europe
path: tools/forwarder
values:
source: europe
- name: forwarder-asia
path: tools/forwarder
values:
source: asia
```
The two different configurations can be referred to by their set names, but will use the same resource
templates with different configurations.
## Nesting resource sets
As mentioned above for the `include` field, resource sets can be nested. This lets users group resource
sets in logical ways using simple folder structures.
Assuming a folder structure like:
```
├── backend
│   ├── auth-api
│   ├── message-api
│   └── order-api
└── frontend
├── app-page
└── login-page
```
With each of these folders being a resource set, they could be included in a cluster configuration like so:
```yaml
include:
- name: backend
include:
- name: auth-api
- name: message-api
- name: order-api
- name: frontend:
include:
- name: app-page
- name: login-page
```
Kontemplate could then be run with, for example, `--include backend` to only include the resource sets nested
in the backend group. Specific resource sets can also be targeted, for example as `--include backend/order-api`.
Variables specified in the parent resource set are inherited by the children.
### Caveats
Two caveats apply that users should be aware of:
1. The parent resource set can not contain any resource templates itself.
2. Only one level of nesting is supported. Specifying `include` again on a nested resource set will be ignored.
[templates]: templates.md
[cluster configuration]: cluster-config.md

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Kontemplate templates
=====================
The template file format is based on Go's [templating engine][] in combination
with a small extension library called [sprig][] that adds additional template
functions.
Go templates can either simply display variables or build more complicated
*pipelines* in which variables are passed to functions for further processing,
or in which conditionals are evaluated for more complex template logic.
It is recommended that you check out the Golang [documentation][] for the templating
engine in addition to the cherry-picked features listed here.
<!-- markdown-toc start - Don't edit this section. Run M-x markdown-toc-refresh-toc -->
**Table of Contents**
- [Kontemplate templates](#kontemplate-templates)
- [Basic variable interpolation](#basic-variable-interpolation)
- [Example:](#example)
- [Template functions](#template-functions)
- [Examples:](#examples)
- [Conditionals & ranges](#conditionals--ranges)
- [Caveats](#caveats)
<!-- markdown-toc end -->
## Basic variable interpolation
The basic template format uses `{{ .variableName }}` as the interpolation format.
### Example:
Assuming that you include a resource set as such:
```
- name: api-gateway
values:
internalHost: http://my-internal-host/
```
And the api-gateway resource set includes a ConfigMap (some fields left out for
the example):
```
# api-gateway/configmap.yaml:
---
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: api-gateway-config
data:
internalHost: {{ .internalHost }}
```
The resulting output will be:
```
---
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: api-gateway-config
data:
internalHost: http://my-internal-host/
```
## Template functions
Go templates support template functions which you can think of as a sort of
shell-like pipeline where text flows through transformations from left to
right.
Some template functions come from Go's standard library and are listed in the
[Go documentation][]. In addition the functions declared by [sprig][] are
available in kontemplate, as well as five custom functions:
* `json`: Encodes any supplied data structure as JSON.
* `gitHEAD`: Retrieves the commit hash at Git `HEAD`.
* `passLookup`: Looks up the supplied key in [pass][].
* `insertFile`: Insert the contents of the given file in the resource
set folder as a string.
* `insertTemplate`: Insert the contents of the given template in the resource
set folder as a string.
## Examples:
```
# With the following values:
name: Donald
certKeyPath: my-website/cert-key
# The following interpolations are possible:
{{ .name | upper }}
-> DONALD
{{ .name | upper | repeat 2 }}
-> DONALD DONALD
{{ .certKeyPath | passLookup }}
-> Returns content of 'my-website/cert-key' from pass
{{ gitHEAD }}
-> Returns the Git commit hash at HEAD.
```
## Conditionals & ranges
Some logic is supported in Golang templates and can be used in Kontemplate, too.
With the following values:
```
useKube2IAM: true
servicePorts:
- 8080
- 9090
```
The following interpolations are possible:
```
# Conditionally insert something in the template:
metadata:
annotations:
foo: bar
{{ if .useKube2IAM -}} iam.amazonaws.com/role: my-api {{- end }}
```
```
# Iterate over a list of values
ports:
{{ range .servicePorts }}
- port: {{ . }}
{{ end }}
```
Check out the Golang documentation (linked above) for more information about template logic.
## Caveats
Kontemplate does not by itself parse any of the content of the templates, which
means that it does not validate whether the resources you supply are valid YAML
or JSON.
You can perform some validation by using `kontemplate apply --dry-run` which
will make use of the Dry-Run functionality in `kubectl`.
[templating engine]: https://golang.org/pkg/text/template/
[documentation]: https://golang.org/pkg/text/template/
[sprig]: http://masterminds.github.io/sprig/
[Go documentation]: https://golang.org/pkg/text/template/#hdr-Functions
[pass]: https://www.passwordstore.org/

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Kontemplate tips & tricks
=========================
<!-- markdown-toc start - Don't edit this section. Run M-x markdown-toc-refresh-toc -->
**Table of Contents**
- [Kontemplate tips & tricks](#kontemplate-tips--tricks)
- [Update Deployments when ConfigMaps change](#update-deployments-when-configmaps-change)
- [direnv & pass](#direnv--pass)
<!-- markdown-toc end -->
## Update Deployments when ConfigMaps change
Kubernetes does [not currently][] have the ability to perform rolling updates
of Deployments and other resource types when `ConfigMap` or `Secret` objects
are updated.
It is possible to make use of annotations and templating functions in
Kontemplate to force updates to these resources anyways.
For example:
```yaml
# A ConfigMap that contains some configuration for your app
---
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: app-config
data:
app.conf: |
name: {{ .appName }}
foo: bar
```
Now whenever the `appName` variable changes or we make an edit to the
`ConfigMap` we would like to update the `Deployment` making use of it, too. We
can do this by adding a hash of the parsed template to the annotations of the
created `Pod` objects:
```yaml
---
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: app
spec:
template:
metadata:
annotations:
configHash: {{ insertTemplate "app-config.yaml" | sha256sum }}
spec:
containers:
- name: app
# Some details omitted ...
volumeMounts:
- name: config
mountPath: /etc/app/
volumes:
- name: config
configMap:
name: app-config
```
Now any change to the `ConfigMap` - either by directly editing the yaml file or
via a changed template variable - will cause the annotation to change,
triggering a rolling update of all relevant pods.
## direnv & pass
Users of `pass` may have multiple different password stores on their machines.
Assuming that `kontemplate` configuration exists somewhere on the filesystem
per project, it is easy to use [direnv][] to switch to the correct
`PASSWORD_STORE_DIR` variable when entering the folder.
[not currently]: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/22368
[direnv]: https://direnv.net/

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---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: other-config
data:
globalData: {{ .globalVar }}

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{
"context": "k8s.prod.mydomain.com",
"global": {
"globalVar": "lizards"
},
"include": [
{
"name": "some-api",
"values": {
"version": "1.0-SNAPSHOT-0e6884d",
"importantFeature": true,
"apiPort": 4567
}
}
]
}

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---
context: k8s.prod.mydomain.com
global:
globalVar: lizards
include:
# By default resource sets are included from a folder with the same
# name as the resource set's name
- name: some-api
values:
version: 1.0-0e6884d
importantFeature: true
apiPort: 4567
# Paths can also be specified manually (and point at single template
# files!)
- name: other-config
path: other-config.yaml

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---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: secret-certificate
data:
cert.pem: {{ passLookup "my/secret/certificate" | b64enc }}
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: some-config
data:
# The content of the example configuration file is templated in here
# by the 'insertFile' function and indented for YAML-compatibility
# with the 'indent' function:
some.cfg: |
{{ insertFile "some.cfg" | indent 4 }}
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: some-api
spec:
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: some-api
spec:
containers:
- image: my.container.repo/some-api:{{ .version }}
name: some-api
env:
- name: ENABLE_IMPORTANT_FEATURE
value: {{ .importantFeature }}
- name: SOME_GLOBAL_VAR
value: {{ .globalVar }}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: some-api
labels:
app: some-api
spec:
selector:
app: some-api
ports:
- port: 80
targetPort: {{ .apiPort }}
name: http

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{
"something": 1542,
"other-thing": "да"
}

15
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FROM alpine:3.10
ADD hashes /root/hashes
ADD https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.15.3/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl /usr/bin/kubectl
ADD https://github.com/tazjin/kontemplate/releases/download/v1.8.0/kontemplate-1.8.0-6c3b299-linux-amd64.tar.gz /tmp/kontemplate.tar.gz
# Pass release version is 1.7.3
ADD https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zx2c4/password-store/74fdfb5022f317ad48d449e29543710bdad1afda/src/password-store.sh /usr/bin/pass
RUN sha256sum -c /root/hashes && \
apk add -U bash tree gnupg git && \
chmod +x /usr/bin/kubectl /usr/bin/pass && \
tar xzvf /tmp/kontemplate.tar.gz && \
mv kontemplate /usr/bin/kontemplate && \
/usr/bin/kontemplate version

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Kontemplate Docker image
========================
This builds a simple Docker image available on the Docker Hub as `tazjin/kontemplate`.
Builds are automated based on the Dockerfile contained here.
It contains both `kontemplate` and `kubectl` and can be used as part of container-based
CI pipelines.
`pass` and its dependencies are also installed to enable the use of the `passLookup`
template function if desired.

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a39dfdd77e4655acaabe301285cf389cb5fc8145060f5677dc93db1cc20911a4 /tmp/kontemplate.tar.gz
6e805054a1fb2280abb53f75b57a1b92bf9c66ffe0d2cdcd46e81b079d93c322 /usr/bin/kubectl

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// Copyright (C) 2016-2019 Vincent Ambo <mail@tazj.in>
//
// Kontemplate is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
package main
import (
"fmt"
"os"
"os/exec"
"strings"
"github.com/tazjin/kontemplate/context"
"github.com/tazjin/kontemplate/templater"
"gopkg.in/alecthomas/kingpin.v2"
)
const version string = "1.8.0"
// This variable will be initialised by the Go linker during the builder
var gitHash string
var (
app = kingpin.New("kontemplate", "simple Kubernetes resource templating")
// Global flags
includes = app.Flag("include", "Resource sets to include explicitly").Short('i').Strings()
excludes = app.Flag("exclude", "Resource sets to exclude explicitly").Short('e').Strings()
variables = app.Flag("var", "Provide variables to templates explicitly").Strings()
kubectlBin = app.Flag("kubectl", "Path to the kubectl binary (default 'kubectl')").Default("kubectl").String()
// Commands
template = app.Command("template", "Template resource sets and print them")
templateFile = template.Arg("file", "Cluster configuration file to use").Required().String()
templateOutputDir = template.Flag("output", "Output directory in which to save templated files instead of printing them").Short('o').String()
apply = app.Command("apply", "Template resources and pass to 'kubectl apply'")
applyFile = apply.Arg("file", "Cluster configuration file to use").Required().String()
applyDryRun = apply.Flag("dry-run", "Print remote operations without executing them").Default("false").Bool()
replace = app.Command("replace", "Template resources and pass to 'kubectl replace'")
replaceFile = replace.Arg("file", "Cluster configuration file to use").Required().String()
delete = app.Command("delete", "Template resources and pass to 'kubectl delete'")
deleteFile = delete.Arg("file", "Cluster configuration file to use").Required().String()
create = app.Command("create", "Template resources and pass to 'kubectl create'")
createFile = create.Arg("file", "Cluster configuration file to use").Required().String()
versionCmd = app.Command("version", "Show kontemplate version")
)
func main() {
app.HelpFlag.Short('h')
switch kingpin.MustParse(app.Parse(os.Args[1:])) {
case template.FullCommand():
templateCommand()
case apply.FullCommand():
applyCommand()
case replace.FullCommand():
replaceCommand()
case delete.FullCommand():
deleteCommand()
case create.FullCommand():
createCommand()
case versionCmd.FullCommand():
versionCommand()
}
}
func versionCommand() {
if gitHash == "" {
fmt.Printf("Kontemplate version %s (git commit unknown)\n", version)
} else {
fmt.Printf("Kontemplate version %s (git commit: %s)\n", version, gitHash)
}
}
func templateCommand() {
_, resourceSets := loadContextAndResources(templateFile)
for _, rs := range *resourceSets {
if len(rs.Resources) == 0 {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Warning: Resource set '%s' does not exist or contains no valid templates\n", rs.Name)
continue
}
if *templateOutputDir != "" {
templateIntoDirectory(templateOutputDir, rs)
} else {
for _, r := range rs.Resources {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Rendered file %s/%s:\n", rs.Name, r.Filename)
fmt.Println(r.Rendered)
}
}
}
}
func templateIntoDirectory(outputDir *string, rs templater.RenderedResourceSet) {
// Attempt to create the output directory if it does not
// already exist:
if err := os.MkdirAll(*templateOutputDir, 0775); err != nil {
app.Fatalf("Could not create output directory: %v\n", err)
}
// Nested resource sets may contain slashes in their names.
// These are replaced with dashes for the purpose of writing a
// flat list of output files:
setName := strings.Replace(rs.Name, "/", "-", -1)
for _, r := range rs.Resources {
filename := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s-%s", *templateOutputDir, setName, r.Filename)
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Writing file %s\n", filename)
file, err := os.Create(filename)
if err != nil {
app.Fatalf("Could not create file %s: %v\n", filename, err)
}
_, err = fmt.Fprintf(file, r.Rendered)
if err != nil {
app.Fatalf("Error writing file %s: %v\n", filename, err)
}
}
}
func applyCommand() {
ctx, resources := loadContextAndResources(applyFile)
var kubectlArgs []string
if *applyDryRun {
kubectlArgs = []string{"apply", "-f", "-", "--dry-run"}
} else {
kubectlArgs = []string{"apply", "-f", "-"}
}
if err := runKubectlWithResources(ctx, &kubectlArgs, resources); err != nil {
failWithKubectlError(err)
}
}
func replaceCommand() {
ctx, resources := loadContextAndResources(replaceFile)
args := []string{"replace", "--save-config=true", "-f", "-"}
if err := runKubectlWithResources(ctx, &args, resources); err != nil {
failWithKubectlError(err)
}
}
func deleteCommand() {
ctx, resources := loadContextAndResources(deleteFile)
args := []string{"delete", "-f", "-"}
if err := runKubectlWithResources(ctx, &args, resources); err != nil {
failWithKubectlError(err)
}
}
func createCommand() {
ctx, resources := loadContextAndResources(createFile)
args := []string{"create", "--save-config=true", "-f", "-"}
if err := runKubectlWithResources(ctx, &args, resources); err != nil {
failWithKubectlError(err)
}
}
func loadContextAndResources(file *string) (*context.Context, *[]templater.RenderedResourceSet) {
ctx, err := context.LoadContext(*file, variables)
if err != nil {
app.Fatalf("Error loading context: %v\n", err)
}
resources, err := templater.LoadAndApplyTemplates(includes, excludes, ctx)
if err != nil {
app.Fatalf("Error templating resource sets: %v\n", err)
}
return ctx, &resources
}
func runKubectlWithResources(c *context.Context, kubectlArgs *[]string, resourceSets *[]templater.RenderedResourceSet) error {
argsWithContext := append(*kubectlArgs, fmt.Sprintf("--context=%s", c.Name))
for _, rs := range *resourceSets {
if len(rs.Resources) == 0 {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Warning: Resource set '%s' contains no valid templates\n", rs.Name)
continue
}
argsWithResourceSetArgs := append(argsWithContext, rs.Args...)
kubectl := exec.Command(*kubectlBin, argsWithResourceSetArgs...)
stdin, err := kubectl.StdinPipe()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("kubectl error: %v", err)
}
kubectl.Stdout = os.Stdout
kubectl.Stderr = os.Stderr
if err = kubectl.Start(); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("kubectl error: %v", err)
}
for _, r := range rs.Resources {
fmt.Printf("Passing file %s/%s to kubectl\n", rs.Name, r.Filename)
fmt.Fprintln(stdin, r.Rendered)
}
stdin.Close()
if err = kubectl.Wait(); err != nil {
return err
}
}
return nil
}
func failWithKubectlError(err error) {
app.Fatalf("Kubectl error: %v\n", err)
}

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# Copyright (C) 2016-2019 Vincent Ambo <mail@tazj.in>
#
# This file is part of Kontemplate.
#
# Kontemplate is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This file is the Nix derivation used to build release binaries for
# several different architectures and operating systems.
let pkgs = import ((import <nixpkgs> {}).fetchFromGitHub {
owner = "NixOS";
repo = "nixpkgs-channels";
rev = "541d9cce8af7a490fb9085305939569567cb58e6";
sha256 = "0jgz72hhzkd5vyq5v69vpljjlnf0lqaz7fh327bvb3cvmwbfxrja";
}) {};
in with pkgs; buildGoPackage rec {
name = "kontemplate-${version}";
version = "master";
src = ./.;
goPackagePath = "github.com/tazjin/kontemplate";
goDeps = ./deps.nix;
# This configuration enables the building of statically linked
# executables. For some reason, those will have multiple references
# to the Go compiler's installation path in them, which is the
# reason for setting the 'allowGoReference' flag.
dontStrip = true; # Linker configuration handles stripping
allowGoReference = true;
CGO_ENABLED="0";
GOCACHE="off";
# Configure release builds via the "build-matrix" script:
buildInputs = [ git ];
buildPhase = ''
cd go/src/${goPackagePath}
patchShebangs build-release.sh
./build-release.sh build
'';
outputs = [ "out" ];
installPhase = ''
mkdir $out
cp -r release/ $out
'';
meta = with lib; {
description = "A resource templating helper for Kubernetes";
homepage = "http://kontemplate.works/";
license = licenses.gpl3;
};
}

35
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// Copyright (C) 2016-2019 Vincent Ambo <mail@tazj.in>
//
// This file is part of Kontemplate.
//
// Kontemplate is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This file contains the implementation of a template function for retrieving
// IP addresses from DNS
package templater
import (
"fmt"
"net"
"os"
)
func GetIPsFromDNS(host string) ([]interface{}, error) {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Attempting to look up IP for %s in DNS\n", host)
ips, err := net.LookupIP(host)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("IP address lookup failed: %v", err)
}
var result []interface{} = make([]interface{}, len(ips))
for i, ip := range ips {
result[i] = ip
}
return result, nil
}

34
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// Copyright (C) 2016-2019 Vincent Ambo <mail@tazj.in>
//
// This file is part of Kontemplate.
//
// Kontemplate is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This file contains the implementation of a template function for retrieving
// variables from 'pass', the standard UNIX password manager.
package templater
import (
"fmt"
"os"
"os/exec"
"strings"
)
func GetFromPass(key string) (string, error) {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Attempting to look up %s in pass\n", key)
pass := exec.Command("pass", "show", key)
output, err := pass.CombinedOutput()
if err != nil {
return "", fmt.Errorf("Pass lookup failed: %s (%v)", output, err)
}
trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(string(output))
return trimmed, nil
}

236
ops/kontemplate/templater/templater.go Normal file
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// Copyright (C) 2016-2019 Vincent Ambo <mail@tazj.in>
//
// This file is part of Kontemplate.
//
// Kontemplate is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
package templater
import (
"bytes"
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"io/ioutil"
"os"
"os/exec"
"path"
"strings"
"text/template"
"github.com/Masterminds/sprig"
"github.com/tazjin/kontemplate/context"
"github.com/tazjin/kontemplate/util"
)
const failOnMissingKeys string = "missingkey=error"
type RenderedResource struct {
Filename string
Rendered string
}
type RenderedResourceSet struct {
Name string
Resources []RenderedResource
Args []string
}
func LoadAndApplyTemplates(include *[]string, exclude *[]string, c *context.Context) ([]RenderedResourceSet, error) {
limitedResourceSets := applyLimits(&c.ResourceSets, include, exclude)
renderedResourceSets := make([]RenderedResourceSet, 0)
if len(*limitedResourceSets) == 0 {
return renderedResourceSets, fmt.Errorf("No valid resource sets included!")
}
for _, rs := range *limitedResourceSets {
set, err := processResourceSet(c, &rs)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
renderedResourceSets = append(renderedResourceSets, *set)
}
return renderedResourceSets, nil
}
func processResourceSet(ctx *context.Context, rs *context.ResourceSet) (*RenderedResourceSet, error) {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Loading resources for %s\n", rs.Name)
fileInfo, err := os.Stat(rs.Path)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
var files []os.FileInfo
var resources []RenderedResource
// Treat single-file resource paths separately from resource
// sets containing multiple templates
if fileInfo.IsDir() {
// Explicitly discard this error, which will give us an empty
// list of files instead.
// This will end up printing a warning to the user, but it
// won't stop the rest of the process.
files, _ = ioutil.ReadDir(rs.Path)
resources, err = processFiles(ctx, rs, files)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
} else {
resource, err := templateFile(ctx, rs, rs.Path)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
resources = []RenderedResource{resource}
}
return &RenderedResourceSet{
Name: rs.Name,
Resources: resources,
Args: rs.Args,
}, nil
}
func processFiles(ctx *context.Context, rs *context.ResourceSet, files []os.FileInfo) ([]RenderedResource, error) {
resources := make([]RenderedResource, 0)
for _, file := range files {
if !file.IsDir() && isResourceFile(file) {
path := path.Join(rs.Path, file.Name())
res, err := templateFile(ctx, rs, path)
if err != nil {
return resources, err
}
resources = append(resources, res)
}
}
return resources, nil
}
func templateFile(ctx *context.Context, rs *context.ResourceSet, filepath string) (RenderedResource, error) {
var resource RenderedResource
tpl, err := template.New(path.Base(filepath)).Funcs(templateFuncs(ctx, rs)).Option(failOnMissingKeys).ParseFiles(filepath)
if err != nil {
return resource, fmt.Errorf("Could not load template %s: %v", filepath, err)
}
var b bytes.Buffer
err = tpl.Execute(&b, rs.Values)
if err != nil {
return resource, fmt.Errorf("Error while templating %s: %v", filepath, err)
}
resource = RenderedResource{
Filename: path.Base(filepath),
Rendered: b.String(),
}
return resource, nil
}
// Applies the limits of explicitly included or excluded resources and returns the updated resource set.
// Exclude takes priority over include
func applyLimits(rs *[]context.ResourceSet, include *[]string, exclude *[]string) *[]context.ResourceSet {
if len(*include) == 0 && len(*exclude) == 0 {
return rs
}
// Exclude excluded resource sets
excluded := make([]context.ResourceSet, 0)
for _, r := range *rs {
if !matchesResourceSet(exclude, &r) {
excluded = append(excluded, r)
}
}
// Include included resource sets
if len(*include) == 0 {
return &excluded
}
included := make([]context.ResourceSet, 0)
for _, r := range excluded {
if matchesResourceSet(include, &r) {
included = append(included, r)
}
}
return &included
}
// Check whether an include/exclude string slice matches a resource set
func matchesResourceSet(s *[]string, rs *context.ResourceSet) bool {
for _, r := range *s {
r = strings.TrimSuffix(r, "/")
if r == rs.Name || r == rs.Parent {
return true
}
}
return false
}
func templateFuncs(c *context.Context, rs *context.ResourceSet) template.FuncMap {
m := sprig.TxtFuncMap()
m["json"] = func(data interface{}) string {
b, _ := json.Marshal(data)
return string(b)
}
m["passLookup"] = GetFromPass
m["gitHEAD"] = func() (string, error) {
out, err := exec.Command("git", "-C", c.BaseDir, "rev-parse", "HEAD").Output()
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
output := strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
return output, nil
}
m["lookupIPAddr"] = GetIPsFromDNS
m["insertFile"] = func(file string) (string, error) {
data, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path.Join(rs.Path, file))
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
return string(data), nil
}
m["insertTemplate"] = func(file string) (string, error) {
data, err := templateFile(c, rs, path.Join(rs.Path, file))
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
return data.Rendered, nil
}
m["default"] = func(defaultVal interface{}, varName string) interface{} {
if val, ok := rs.Values[varName]; ok {
return val
}
return defaultVal
}
return m
}
// Checks whether a file is a resource file (i.e. is YAML or JSON) and not a default values file.
func isResourceFile(f os.FileInfo) bool {
for _, defaultFile := range util.DefaultFilenames {
if f.Name() == defaultFile {
return false
}
}
return strings.HasSuffix(f.Name(), "yaml") ||
strings.HasSuffix(f.Name(), "yml") ||
strings.HasSuffix(f.Name(), "json")
}

205
ops/kontemplate/templater/templater_test.go Normal file
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// Copyright (C) 2016-2019 Vincent Ambo <mail@tazj.in>
//
// This file is part of Kontemplate.
//
// Kontemplate is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
package templater
import (
"github.com/tazjin/kontemplate/context"
"reflect"
"strings"
"testing"
)
func TestApplyNoLimits(t *testing.T) {
resources := []context.ResourceSet{
{
Name: "testResourceSet1",
},
{
Name: "testResourceSet2",
},
}
result := applyLimits(&resources, &[]string{}, &[]string{})
if !reflect.DeepEqual(resources, *result) {
t.Error("Resource set slice changed, but shouldn't have.")
t.Errorf("Expected: %v\nResult: %v\n", resources, *result)
t.Fail()
}
}
func TestApplyIncludeLimits(t *testing.T) {
resources := []context.ResourceSet{
{
Name: "testResourceSet1",
},
{
Name: "testResourceSet2",
},
{
Name: "testResourceSet3",
Parent: "included",
},
}
includes := []string{"testResourceSet1", "included"}
result := applyLimits(&resources, &includes, &[]string{})
expected := []context.ResourceSet{
{
Name: "testResourceSet1",
},
{
Name: "testResourceSet3",
Parent: "included",
},
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, *result) {
t.Error("Result does not contain expected resource sets.")
t.Errorf("Expected: %v\nResult: %v\n", expected, *result)
t.Fail()
}
}
func TestApplyExcludeLimits(t *testing.T) {
resources := []context.ResourceSet{
{
Name: "testResourceSet1",
},
{
Name: "testResourceSet2",
},
{
Name: "testResourceSet3",
Parent: "included",
},
}
exclude := []string{"testResourceSet2"}
result := applyLimits(&resources, &[]string{}, &exclude)
expected := []context.ResourceSet{
{
Name: "testResourceSet1",
},
{
Name: "testResourceSet3",
Parent: "included",
},
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, *result) {
t.Error("Result does not contain expected resource sets.")
t.Errorf("Expected: %v\nResult: %v\n", expected, *result)
t.Fail()
}
}
func TestApplyLimitsExcludeIncludePrecedence(t *testing.T) {
resources := []context.ResourceSet{
{
Name: "collection/nested1",
Parent: "collection",
},
{
Name: "collection/nested2",
Parent: "collection",
},
{
Name: "collection/nested3",
Parent: "collection",
},
{
Name: "something-else",
},
}
include := []string{"collection"}
exclude := []string{"collection/nested2"}
result := applyLimits(&resources, &include, &exclude)
expected := []context.ResourceSet{
{
Name: "collection/nested1",
Parent: "collection",
},
{
Name: "collection/nested3",
Parent: "collection",
},
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, *result) {
t.Error("Result does not contain expected resource sets.")
t.Errorf("Expected: %v\nResult: %v\n", expected, *result)
t.Fail()
}
}
func TestFailOnMissingKeys(t *testing.T) {
ctx := context.Context{}
resourceSet := context.ResourceSet{}
_, err := templateFile(&ctx, &resourceSet, "testdata/test-template.txt")
if err == nil {
t.Errorf("Template with missing keys should have failed.\n")
t.Fail()
}
if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "map has no entry for key \"testName\"") {
t.Errorf("Templating failed with unexpected error: %v\n", err)
}
}
func TestDefaultTemplateFunction(t *testing.T) {
ctx := context.Context{}
resourceSet := context.ResourceSet{}
res, err := templateFile(&ctx, &resourceSet, "testdata/test-default.txt")
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("Templating with default values should have succeeded.\n")
t.Fail()
}
if res.Rendered != "defaultValue\n" {
t.Error("Result does not contain expected rendered default value.")
t.Fail()
}
}
func TestInsertTemplateFunction(t *testing.T) {
ctx := context.Context{}
resourceSet := context.ResourceSet{
Path: "testdata",
Values: map[string]interface{}{
"testName": "TestInsertTemplateFunction",
},
}
res, err := templateFile(&ctx, &resourceSet, "testdata/test-insertTemplate.txt")
if err != nil {
t.Error(err)
t.Errorf("Templating with an insertTemplate call should have succeeded.\n")
t.Fail()
}
if res.Rendered != "Inserting \"Template for test TestInsertTemplateFunction\".\n" {
t.Error("Result does not contain expected rendered template value.")
t.Error(res.Rendered)
t.Fail()
}
}

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{{ default "defaultValue" "missingVar" }}

1
ops/kontemplate/templater/testdata/test-insertTemplate.txt vendored Normal file
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Inserting "{{ insertTemplate "test-template.txt" | trim }}".

1
ops/kontemplate/templater/testdata/test-template.txt vendored Normal file
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Template for test {{ .testName }}

58
ops/kontemplate/util/util.go Normal file
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// Copyright (C) 2016-2019 Vincent Ambo <mail@tazj.in>
//
// This file is part of Kontemplate.
//
// Kontemplate is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
package util
import (
"io/ioutil"
"github.com/ghodss/yaml"
)
// Filenames excluded from templating for the purpose of containing default variable values inside a resource set.
var DefaultFilenames []string = []string{"default.yml", "default.yaml", "default.json"}
// Merges two maps together. Values from the second map override values in the first map.
// The returned map is new if anything was changed.
func Merge(in1 *map[string]interface{}, in2 *map[string]interface{}) *map[string]interface{} {
if in1 == nil || len(*in1) == 0 {
return in2
}
if in2 == nil || len(*in2) == 0 {
return in1
}
new := make(map[string]interface{})
for k, v := range *in1 {
new[k] = v
}
for k, v := range *in2 {
new[k] = v
}
return &new
}
// Loads either a YAML or JSON file from the specified path and
// deserialises it into the provided interface.
func LoadData(filename string, addr interface{}) error {
file, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
if err != nil {
return err
}
err = yaml.Unmarshal(file, addr)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}

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ops/kontemplate/util/util_test.go Normal file
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// Copyright (C) 2016-2019 Vincent Ambo <mail@tazj.in>
//
// This file is part of Kontemplate.
//
// Kontemplate is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
package util
import (
"reflect"
"testing"
)
func TestMergeWithEmptyMap(t *testing.T) {
testMap := map[string]interface{}{
"foo": "bar",
}
empty := make(map[string]interface{})
res1 := Merge(&testMap, &empty)
res2 := Merge(&empty, &testMap)
if res1 != &testMap || res2 != &testMap {
t.Error("A new map was returned incorrectly.")
t.Fail()
}
}
func TestMergeWithNilMap(t *testing.T) {
testMap := map[string]interface{}{
"foo": "bar",
}
res1 := Merge(&testMap, nil)
res2 := Merge(nil, &testMap)
if res1 != &testMap || res2 != &testMap {
t.Error("A new map was returned incorrectly.")
t.Fail()
}
}
func TestMergeMaps(t *testing.T) {
map1 := map[string]interface{}{
"foo": "bar",
}
map2 := map[string]interface{}{
"bar": "baz",
}
result := Merge(&map1, &map2)
expected := map[string]interface{}{
"foo": "bar",
"bar": "baz",
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(*result, expected) {
t.Error("Maps were merged incorrectly.")
t.Fail()
}
}
func TestMergeMapsPrecedence(t *testing.T) {
map1 := map[string]interface{}{
"foo": "incorrect",
}
map2 := map[string]interface{}{
"foo": "correct",
}
result := Merge(&map1, &map2)
if (*result)["foo"] != "correct" {
t.Error("Map merge precedence test failed.")
t.Fail()
}
}