Restructuring the Nix manual
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Mikey Ariel
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doc/manual/command-ref/nix-shell.xml
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doc/manual/command-ref/nix-shell.xml
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<refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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version="5.0"
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xml:id="sec-nix-shell">
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>nix-shell</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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<refmiscinfo class="source">Nix</refmiscinfo>
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<refmiscinfo class="version"><xi:include href="version.txt" parse="text"/></refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>nix-shell</refname>
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<refpurpose>start an interactive shell based on a Nix expression</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>nix-shell</command>
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<arg><option>--arg</option> <replaceable>name</replaceable> <replaceable>value</replaceable></arg>
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<arg><option>--argstr</option> <replaceable>name</replaceable> <replaceable>value</replaceable></arg>
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<arg>
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<group choice='req'>
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<arg choice='plain'><option>--attr</option></arg>
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<arg choice='plain'><option>-A</option></arg>
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</group>
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<replaceable>attrPath</replaceable>
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</arg>
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<arg><option>--command</option> <replaceable>cmd</replaceable></arg>
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<arg><option>--exclude</option> <replaceable>regexp</replaceable></arg>
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<arg><option>--pure</option></arg>
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<group choice='req'>
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<group choice='plain'>
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<group>
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<arg choice='plain'><option>--packages</option></arg>
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<arg choice='plain'><option>-p</option></arg>
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</group>
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<replaceable>packages</replaceable>
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</group>
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<arg><replaceable>path</replaceable></arg>
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</group>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsection><title>Description</title>
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<para>The command <command>nix-shell</command> will build the
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dependencies of the specified derivation, but not the derivation
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itself. It will then start an interactive shell in which all
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environment variables defined by the derivation
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<replaceable>path</replaceable> have been set to their corresponding
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values, and the script <literal>$stdenv/setup</literal> has been
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sourced. This is useful for reproducing the environment of a
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derivation for development.</para>
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<para>If <replaceable>path</replaceable> is not given,
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<command>nix-shell</command> defaults to
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<filename>shell.nix</filename> if it exists, and
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<filename>default.nix</filename> otherwise.</para>
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<para>If the derivation defines the variable
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<varname>shellHook</varname>, it will be evaluated after
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<literal>$stdenv/setup</literal> has been sourced. Since this hook is
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not executed by regular Nix builds, it allows you to perform
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initialisation specific to <command>nix-shell</command>. For example,
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the derivation attribute
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<programlisting>
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shellHook =
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''
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echo "Hello shell"
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'';
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</programlisting>
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will cause <command>nix-shell</command> to print <literal>Hello shell</literal>.</para>
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</refsection>
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<refsection><title>Options</title>
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<para>All options not listed here are passed to <command>nix-store
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--realise</command>, except for <option>--arg</option> and
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<option>--attr</option> / <option>-A</option> which are passed to
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<command>nix-instantiate</command>. <phrase condition="manual">See
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also <xref linkend="sec-common-options" />.</phrase></para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry><term><option>--command</option> <replaceable>cmd</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>In the environment of the derivation, run the
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shell command <replaceable>cmd</replaceable> instead of starting
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an interactive shell. However, if you end the shell command with
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<literal>return</literal>, you still get an interactive shell.
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This can be useful for doing any additional
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initialisation.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term><option>--exclude</option> <replaceable>regexp</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>Do not build any dependencies whose store path
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matches the regular expression <replaceable>regexp</replaceable>.
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This option may be specified multiple times.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term><option>--pure</option></term>
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<listitem><para>If this flag is specified, the environment is
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almost entirely cleared before the interactive shell is started,
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so you get an environment that more closely corresponds to the
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“real” Nix build. A few variables, in particular
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<envar>HOME</envar>, <envar>USER</envar> and
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<envar>DISPLAY</envar>, are retained. Note that
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<filename>~/.bashrc</filename> and (depending on your Bash
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installation) <filename>/etc/bashrc</filename> are still sourced,
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so any variables set there will affect the interactive
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shell.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term><option>--packages</option> / <option>-p</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Set up an environment in which the specified
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packages are present. The command line arguments are interpreted
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as attribute names inside the Nix Packages collection. Thus,
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<literal>nix-shell -p libjpeg openjdk</literal> will start a shell
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in which the packages denoted by the attribute names
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<varname>libjpeg</varname> and <varname>openjdk</varname> are
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present.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>The following common options are supported:</para>
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<variablelist condition="manpage">
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<xi:include href="opt-common.xml#xmlns(db=http://docbook.org/ns/docbook)xpointer(//db:variablelist[@xml:id='opt-common']/*)" />
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</variablelist>
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</refsection>
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<refsection><title>Examples</title>
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<para>To build the dependencies of the package Pan, and start an
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interactive shell in which to build it:
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<screen>
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$ nix-shell '<nixpkgs>' -A pan
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[nix-shell]$ unpackPhase
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[nix-shell]$ cd pan-*
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[nix-shell]$ configurePhase
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[nix-shell]$ buildPhase
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[nix-shell]$ ./pan/gui/pan
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</screen>
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To clear the environment first, and do some additional automatic
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initialisation of the interactive shell:
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<screen>
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$ nix-shell '<nixpkgs>' -A pan --pure \
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--command 'export NIX_DEBUG=1; export NIX_CORES=8; return'
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</screen>
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Nix expressions can also be given on the command line. For instance,
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the following starts a shell containing the packages
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<literal>sqlite</literal> and <literal>libX11</literal>:
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<screen>
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$ nix-shell -E 'with import <nixpkgs> { }; runCommand "dummy" { buildInputs = [ sqlite xorg.libX11 ]; } ""'
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</screen>
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A shorter way to do the same is:
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<screen>
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$ nix-shell -p sqlite xorg.libX11
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[nix-shell]$ echo $NIX_LDFLAGS
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… -L/nix/store/j1zg5v…-sqlite-3.8.0.2/lib -L/nix/store/0gmcz9…-libX11-1.6.1/lib …
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</screen>
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</para>
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</refsection>
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<refsection condition="manpage"><title>Environment variables</title>
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<variablelist>
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<xi:include href="env-common.xml#xmlns(db=http://docbook.org/ns/docbook)xpointer(//db:variablelist[@xml:id='env-common']/*)" />
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</variablelist>
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</refsection>
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</refentry>
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