Merge 16110:16216 from trunk.

lib/short_link.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+##
+# Encodes and decodes locations from Morton-coded "quad tile" strings. Each
+# variable-length string encodes to a precision of one pixel per tile (roughly,
+# since this computation is done in lat/lon coordinates, not mercator).
+# Each character encodes 3 bits of x and 3 of y, so there are extra characters
+# tacked on the end to make the zoom levels "work".
+module ShortLink
+
+  # array of 64 chars to encode 6 bits. this is almost like base64 encoding, but
+  # the symbolic chars are different, as base64's + and / aren't very 
+  # URL-friendly.
+  ARRAY = ('A'..'Z').to_a + ('a'..'z').to_a + ('0'..'9').to_a + ['_','@']
+
+  ##
+  # Given a string encoding a location, returns the [lon, lat, z] tuple of that 
+  # location.
+  def self.decode(str)
+    x = 0
+    y = 0
+    z = 0
+    z_offset = 0
+
+    str.each_char do |c|
+      t = ARRAY.index c
+      if t.nil?
+        z_offset -= 1
+      else
+        3.times do
+          x <<= 1; x = x | 1 unless (t & 32).zero?; t <<= 1
+          y <<= 1; y = y | 1 unless (t & 32).zero?; t <<= 1
+        end
+        z += 3
+      end
+    end
+    # pack the coordinates out to their original 32 bits.
+    x <<= (32 - z)
+    y <<= (32 - z)
+
+    # project the parameters back to their coordinate ranges.
+    [(x * 360.0 / 2**32) - 180.0, 
+     (y * 180.0 / 2**32) - 90.0, 
+     z - 8 - (z_offset % 3)]
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # given a location and zoom, return a short string representing it.
+  def self.encode(lon, lat, z)
+    code = interleave_bits(((lon + 180.0) * 2**32 / 360.0).to_i, 
+                           ((lat +  90.0) * 2**32 / 180.0).to_i)
+    str = ""
+    # add eight to the zoom level, which approximates an accuracy of
+    # one pixel in a tile.
+    ((z + 8)/3.0).ceil.times do |i|
+      digit = (code >> (58 - 6 * i)) & 0x3f
+      str << ARRAY[digit]
+    end
+    # append characters onto the end of the string to represent
+    # partial zoom levels (characters themselves have a granularity
+    # of 3 zoom levels).
+    ((z + 8) % 3).times { str << "=" }
+    
+    return str
+  end
+
+  private
+  
+  ##
+  # interleaves the bits of two 32-bit numbers. the result is known
+  # as a Morton code.
+  def self.interleave_bits(x, y)
+    c = 0
+    31.downto(0) do |i|
+      c = (c << 1) | ((x >> i) & 1)
+      c = (c << 1) | ((y >> i) & 1)
+    end
+    c
+  end
+
+end