limiswitch: init

Minimal features: - Can connect over serial - Assess the situation wrt to A/B. - Copy store paths. - Flash a partition with data, e.g. a kernel. - Activate the system. Next steps: - Boot into a specific image (primary or secondary) - SSH transport layer - Agent - Less hardcoding - Even better error recovery in the IO layer of the InteractionChannel - xmodem/ymodem/zmodem for serial file transfers - U-Boot-based recovery via TFTP or in-bootloader flashing - Integration with colmena custom activation protocol Signed-off-by: Raito Bezarius <masterancpp@gmail.com>
2024-09-21 22:26:42 +02:00
45 changed files with 3036 additions and 199 deletions
--- a/.forgejo/workflows/build.yaml
+++ b/.forgejo/workflows/build.yaml
@ -17,34 +17,4 @@ jobs:
      - name: Build VM QEMU MIPS
        run: |
          # Enter the shell
-          nix-build ci.nix -A qemu
-
-  build_zyxel-nwa50ax_mips:
-    runs-on: nix
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-      - name: Build VM QEMU MIPS
-        run: |
-          # Enter the shell
-          nix-build ci.nix -A qemu
-
-  test_hostapd:
-    runs-on: nix
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-      - name: Build VM QEMU MIPS
-        run: |
-          # Enter the shell
-          nix-build ci.nix -A wlan
-
-  test_shell_customization:
-    runs-on: nix
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-      - name: Build VM QEMU MIPS
-        run: |
-          # Enter the shell
-          nix-build ci.nix -A custom-shell
+          nix-build -I liminix-config=./examples/hello-from-qemu.nix --arg device "import ./devices/qemu" -A outputs.default
--- a/ci.nix
+++ b/ci.nix
@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 let
  pkgs = (import nixpkgs { });
  borderVmConf =  ./bordervm.conf-example.nix;
-  inherit (pkgs.lib.attrsets) genAttrs mapAttrs;
+  inherit (pkgs.lib.attrsets) genAttrs;
  devices = [
    "qemu"
    "zyxel-nwa50ax"
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ let
      device = import (liminix + "/devices/${name}");
      liminix-config = vanilla;
    }).outputs.default;
-  tests = mapAttrs (_: v: v { inherit liminix nixpkgs; }) (import ./tests/ci.nix);
+  tests = import ./tests/ci.nix;
  jobs =
    (genAttrs devices for-device) //
    tests //
--- a/default.nix
+++ b/default.nix
@ -26,13 +26,9 @@ let
  eval = evalModules {
    modules = [
      {
-        nixpkgs = {
-          source = nixpkgs;
-          overlays = [ overlay ];
-          config.permittedInsecurePackages = [
-            "python-2.7.18.8"
+        nixpkgs.overlays = [
+          overlay
        ];
-        };
      }
      device.module
      liminix-config
--- a/modules/base.nix
+++ b/modules/base.nix
@ -4,13 +4,11 @@

 { lib, pkgs, config, ...}:
 let
-  inherit (lib) mkEnableOption mkOption types isDerivation hasAttr concatStringsSep mapAttrsToList;
+  inherit (lib) mkEnableOption mkOption types isDerivation hasAttr ;
  inherit (pkgs.pseudofile) dir symlink;
  inherit (pkgs.liminix.networking) address interface;
  inherit (pkgs.liminix.services) bundle;

-  # TODO: escape shell argument.
-  exportVar = name: value: "export ${name}=\"${value}\"";
  type_service = pkgs.liminix.lib.types.service;

 in {
@ -24,24 +22,6 @@ in {
          /run/current-system, we just add the paths in /etc/profile
        '';
      };
-
-      environmentVariables = mkOption {
-        type = types.attrsOf types.str;
-        description = ''
-          Attribute set of environment variables to make available
-          in a login shell.
-
-          The value is assumed to be escaped and the name to be valid.
-        '';
-      };
-
-      prompt = mkOption {
-        type = types.str;
-        default = "$(whoami)@$(hostname) # ";
-        description = ''
-          Prompt string (PS1) for the shell.
-        '';
-      };
    };
    services = mkOption {
      type = types.attrsOf type_service;
@ -131,8 +111,6 @@ in {

    defaultProfile.packages = with pkgs;
      [ s6 s6-init-bin execline s6-linux-init s6-rc ];
-    # Set the useful PS1 prompt by default.
-    defaultProfile.environmentVariables.PS1 = lib.mkDefault config.defaultProfile.prompt;

    boot.commandLine = [
      "panic=10 oops=panic init=/bin/init loglevel=8"
@ -205,7 +183,6 @@ in {
          (pkgs.writeScript ".profile" ''
           PATH=${lib.makeBinPath config.defaultProfile.packages}:/bin
            export PATH
-            ${concatStringsSep "\n" (mapAttrsToList exportVar config.defaultProfile.environmentVariables)}
            '');
      in dir {
        inherit profile;
--- a/modules/hostname.nix
+++ b/modules/hostname.nix
@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 { lib, pkgs, config, ...}:
 let
  inherit (lib) mkOption types;
+  inherit (pkgs.liminix.services) oneshot;
 in {
  options = {
    hostname = mkOption {
@ -11,21 +12,12 @@ in {
      default = "liminix";
      type = types.nonEmptyStr;
    };
-    hostname-script = mkOption {
-      description = ''
-        Script that outputs the system hostname on stdin.
-      '';
-      default = pkgs.writeScript "hostname-gen" ''
-        #!/bin/sh
-        echo ${config.hostname}
-      '';
-      defaultText = ''
-        pkgs.writeScript "hostname-gen" '''
-        #!/bin/sh
-        echo ''${config.hostname}
-      '''
-      '';
-      type = types.package;
+  };
+  config = {
+    services.hostname = oneshot {
+      name = "hostname-${builtins.substring 0 12 (builtins.hashString "sha256" config.hostname)}";
+      up = "echo ${config.hostname} > /proc/sys/kernel/hostname";
+      down = "true";
    };
  };
 }
--- a/modules/s6/default.nix
+++ b/modules/s6/default.nix
@ -30,8 +30,6 @@ let
    installPhase = ''
      mkdir $out
      cp -r $src $out/scripts
-      substituteInPlace $out/scripts/rc.init \
-        --replace-fail 'config.hostname' "${config.hostname-script}"
      chmod -R +w $out
    '';
  };
--- a/modules/s6/scripts/rc.init
+++ b/modules/s6/scripts/rc.init
@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ fi
 ### (replace /run/service with your scandir)
 s6-rc-init -d -c /etc/s6-rc/compiled /run/service

-config.hostname > /proc/sys/kernel/hostname

 ### 2. Starting the wanted set of services
 ### This is also called every time you change runlevels with telinit.
--- a/overlay.nix
+++ b/overlay.nix
@ -194,11 +194,7 @@ extraPkgs // {
    });
  in h.override { openssl = null; sqlite = null; };

-  wpa_supplicant = prev.wpa_supplicant.override {
-    dbusSupport = false;
-    withPcsclite = false;
-    wpa_supplicant_gui = null;
-  };
+

  kexec-tools-static = prev.kexec-tools.overrideAttrs(o: {
    # For kexecboot we copy kexec into a ramdisk on the system being
--- a/pkgs/limiswitch/.envrc
+++ b/pkgs/limiswitch/.envrc
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+use nix
--- a/pkgs/limiswitch/.gitignore
+++ b/pkgs/limiswitch/.gitignore
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+target/
--- a/pkgs/limiswitch/Cargo.lock
+++ b/pkgs/limiswitch/Cargo.lock
@ -0,0 +1,844 @@
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+# It is not intended for manual editing.
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+
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+ "windows_i686_gnu",
+ "windows_i686_gnullvm",
+ "windows_i686_msvc",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnu",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnullvm",
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+ "zerocopy-derive",
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+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
--- a/pkgs/limiswitch/Cargo.toml
+++ b/pkgs/limiswitch/Cargo.toml
@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+[package]
+name = "limiswitch"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+clap = { version = "4.5.17", features = ["derive"] }
+rand = "0.8.5"
+regex = "1.10.6"
+serialport = "4.5.1"
+thiserror = "1.0.63"
+tracing = { version = "0.1.40", features = ["max_level_debug", "release_max_level_info"] }
+tracing-indicatif = "0.3.6"
+tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.18", features = ["env-filter"] }
+uri_parser = "0.2.0"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+virtual-serialport = "0.1.1"
--- a/pkgs/limiswitch/default.nix
+++ b/pkgs/limiswitch/default.nix
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
+{
+  shell = pkgs.mkShell {
+    buildInputs = with pkgs; [
+      cargo
+      rustc
+      pkg-config
+      udev
+    ];
+  };
+}
--- a/pkgs/limiswitch/shell.nix
+++ b/pkgs/limiswitch/shell.nix
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+(import ./default.nix {}).shell
--- a/pkgs/limiswitch/src/channels/mod.rs
+++ b/pkgs/limiswitch/src/channels/mod.rs
@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+use std::{num::ParseIntError, path::Path};
+use super::state::OSOperState;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+mod serial;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum ChannelError {
+    #[error("This interaction channel requires an executable in PATH: {0}, was not found")]
+    ExecutableInPathRequired(&'static str),
+    #[error("This interaction channel suddenly lost its operational state to: {0:?}")]
+    LossOfOperationalState(Option<OSOperState>),
+    #[error("This interaction channel was not able to assess a working shell")]
+    CouldNotFindAWorkingShell,
+    #[error("This interaction channel got an unexpected breakage during shell execution")]
+    UnexpectedBreakageDuringShellExecution,
+    #[error("This interaction channel got an IO error: {0}")]
+    IOError(#[from] std::io::Error),
+    #[error("This interaction channel had one of its transport broken while reading it")]
+    TransportBroke,
+    #[error("This interaction channel hit a timeout while reading the transport")]
+    TimeoutDuringRead,
+    #[error("This interaction channel failed to parse an integer")]
+    ParseIntFailure(#[from] ParseIntError),
+}
+
+pub type Result<V> = std::result::Result<V, ChannelError>;
+/// An interaction channel enable the program to communicate with the target device
+/// and perform side-effects, e.g. gather information, write bytes to some flash, etc.
+///
+/// Every operation can fail due to a channel error, depending on their specific implementation.
+pub trait InteractionChannel {
+    fn execute(&mut self, cmd: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>>;
+    fn read_file(&mut self, path: &Path) -> Result<Vec<u8>>;
+    fn has_executable_in_path(&mut self, executable: &str) -> Result<bool>;
+    fn has_directory(&mut self, path: &Path) -> Result<bool>;
+    fn infer_operational_state(&mut self) -> Result<Option<OSOperState>>;
+    fn get_kernel_log(&mut self) -> Result<String>;
+}
+
+struct ShellCommandResult {
+    pub exit_code: u32,
+    pub stdout: Vec<u8>,
+    pub stderr: Vec<u8>
+}
+
+/// Shell-based interactions are a cheap way to obtain an interaction channel
+/// but they rely on POSIX semantics to be sufficiently robust for the implementation code.
+/// If you can avoid it, it's preferable to have a high quality implementation using well-crafted
+/// primitives.
+pub trait ShellBasedInteractionChannel {
+    fn shell_command_execute(&mut self, cmd: &str) -> Result<ShellCommandResult>;
+    fn infer_operational_state(&mut self) -> Result<Option<OSOperState>>;
+}
+
+impl InteractionChannel for dyn ShellBasedInteractionChannel {
+    fn infer_operational_state(&mut self) -> Result<Option<OSOperState>> {
+        ShellBasedInteractionChannel::infer_operational_state(self)
+    }
+
+    fn has_directory(&mut self, path: &Path) -> Result<bool> {
+        if !self.has_executable_in_path("test")? {
+            return Err(ChannelError::ExecutableInPathRequired("test"));
+        }
+
+        Ok(self.shell_command_execute(&format!("test -d {}", path.to_string_lossy()))?.exit_code == 0)
+    }
+
+    fn has_executable_in_path(&mut self, executable: &str) -> Result<bool> {
+        Ok(self.shell_command_execute(&format!("type -P {}", executable))?.exit_code == 0)
+    }
+
+    fn read_file(&mut self, path: &Path) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+        if !self.has_executable_in_path("cat")? {
+            return Err(ChannelError::ExecutableInPathRequired("cat"));
+        }
+
+        let stdout = self.shell_command_execute(&format!("cat {}", path.to_string_lossy())).unwrap().stdout;
+        // Do not let binary harm the shell.
+        self.shell_command_execute("reset")?;
+
+        Ok(stdout)
+    }
+
+    fn execute(&mut self, cmd: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+        Ok(self.shell_command_execute(cmd)?.stdout)
+    }
+
+    fn get_kernel_log(&mut self) -> Result<String> {
+        Ok(String::from_utf8(self.execute("dmesg")?).expect("Kernel log should be valid UTF-8"))
+    }
+}
+
+// struct SSH;
+// impl InteractionChannel for SSH {}
+// 
+//
+// struct Agent;
+// impl InteractionChannel for Agent {}
--- a/pkgs/limiswitch/src/channels/serial.rs
+++ b/pkgs/limiswitch/src/channels/serial.rs
@ -0,0 +1,445 @@
+use tracing::debug;
+use std::{io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read}, path::{Path, PathBuf}, str::FromStr, sync::{mpsc::{self, Receiver, RecvError}, Arc, Mutex}, thread, time::Duration};
+
+use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
+use serialport::SerialPort;
+
+use crate::{channels::{Result, ChannelError}, state::OSOperState};
+
+use super::{ShellBasedInteractionChannel, ShellCommandResult};
+
+fn generate_random_filename() -> String {
+    thread_rng()
+        .sample_iter(rand::distributions::Alphanumeric)
+        .take(8)
+        .map(char::from)
+        .collect()
+}
+
+/// An interaction channel via a serial port.
+struct Serial {
+    port: Box<dyn SerialPort>,
+    reader: Arc<Mutex<BufReader<Box<dyn SerialPort>>>>,
+    read_timeout_msec: u64,
+    oper_state: Option<OSOperState>,
+}
+
+impl Serial {
+    pub fn new(port: Box<dyn SerialPort>, read_timeout_msec: u64) -> Self {
+        let mut p_reader = port.try_clone().unwrap();
+        p_reader.set_timeout(Duration::from_millis(2 * read_timeout_msec)).unwrap();
+        let reader = Arc::new(BufReader::new(p_reader).into());
+
+        Self {
+            port,
+            reader,
+            read_timeout_msec,
+            oper_state: None
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn spawn_read_channel<F, B>(&self, read_op: F) -> Receiver<B>
+        where 
+            B: std::marker::Send + 'static + std::fmt::Debug,
+            F: Fn(&mut Arc<Mutex<BufReader<Box<dyn SerialPort>>>>) -> B + std::marker::Send + 'static
+    {
+        debug!("spawning a read channel");
+        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
+        let mut reader = self.reader.clone();
+        thread::spawn(move || {
+            debug!("reading via the read channel...");
+            let buffer = read_op(&mut reader);
+            debug!("read {:?}", buffer);
+            // TODO: do something about the io error.
+            debug!("sending the buffer received");
+            tx.send(buffer).expect("Failed to send the buffer");
+        });
+
+        rx
+    }
+
+    // TODO: use zmodem, ymodem or xmodem
+    // but not what I'm doing!
+    // it depends very highly on the shell prompt marker which is questionable
+    // no error control, nothing.
+    fn read_file(&mut self, path: &Path) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+        self.send_line(&format!("cat {}", path.to_string_lossy()))?;
+        let channel = self.spawn_read_channel(|reader| {
+            let mut buffer = Vec::new();
+
+            let mut reader = reader.lock().expect("Failed to lock the reader");
+            let mut shell_prompt_reached = false;
+            while !shell_prompt_reached {
+                reader
+                    .read_until(b'#', &mut buffer)
+                    .expect("Failed to read until the very end");
+
+                let mut one_char: [u8; 1] = [42; 1];
+                reader.read_exact(&mut one_char).expect("Failed to read a single char");
+
+                if one_char[0] == b' ' {
+                    // Pop the last delimiter.
+                    buffer.pop();
+                    shell_prompt_reached = true;
+                } else {
+                    buffer.push(one_char[0]);
+                }
+            }
+
+            buffer
+        });
+
+        match channel.recv() {
+            Ok(buffer) => {
+                Ok(buffer)
+            },
+            Err(RecvError) => {
+                Err(ChannelError::TransportBroke)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn send_line(&mut self, s: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        debug!("send_line via the port >>> {}", s);
+        Ok(self.port.write_all(format!("{}\n", s).as_bytes())?)
+    }
+
+    fn wait_for_line(&self) -> Result<Option<String>> {
+        debug!("waiting for a line...");
+        let channel = self.spawn_read_channel(|reader| {
+            let mut buffer = String::new();
+            reader.lock()
+                .expect("Failed to lock the reader")
+                .read_line(&mut buffer)
+                .expect("Failed to read a line");
+            debug!("line found: {:?}", buffer);
+            buffer
+        });
+
+        match channel.recv_timeout(Duration::from_millis(self.read_timeout_msec)) {
+            Ok(line) => Ok(Some(line)),
+            Err(mpsc::RecvTimeoutError::Timeout) => Ok(None),
+            Err(mpsc::RecvTimeoutError::Disconnected) => Err(ChannelError::TransportBroke)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn wait_for_prompt(&self, s: &str) -> Result<bool> {
+        debug!("waiting for pattern '{}'...", s);
+        let pattern = s.to_owned();
+
+        let channel = self.spawn_read_channel(move |reader| {
+            let mut buffer = String::new();
+            let mut reader = reader.lock().expect("Failed to lock the reader");
+            while !buffer.starts_with(&pattern) {
+                reader
+                    .read_line(&mut buffer)
+                    .expect("Failed to read a line");
+            }
+        });
+
+        match channel.recv_timeout(Duration::from_millis(self.read_timeout_msec)) {
+            Ok(()) => Ok(true),
+            Err(mpsc::RecvTimeoutError::Timeout) => Ok(false),
+            Err(mpsc::RecvTimeoutError::Disconnected) => Err(ChannelError::TransportBroke)
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Parse a value of type V on the next line
+    fn wait_for_value<V: FromStr>(&mut self) -> Result<V> 
+        where 
+            <V as FromStr>::Err: Into<ChannelError>
+    {
+        // Wait for line and then parse it.
+        let mut line: String = String::new();
+        self.reader.lock()
+            .expect("Failed to lock the reader")
+            .read_line(&mut line)
+            .expect("Failed to parse a line");
+
+        Ok(line.trim().parse::<V>().map_err(|e| e.into())?)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ShellBasedInteractionChannel for Serial {
+    fn shell_command_execute(&mut self, cmd: &str) -> Result<ShellCommandResult> {
+        // 1. Assess we are in the right operational state.
+        let new_oper_state = self.infer_operational_state()?;
+        if new_oper_state.is_none() || !new_oper_state.clone().unwrap().is_in_userspace() {
+            return Err(ChannelError::LossOfOperationalState(new_oper_state));
+        }
+
+        // 2. Assess we do have a shell.
+        self.send_line("type")?;
+        if !self.wait_for_prompt("# ")? {
+            return Err(ChannelError::CouldNotFindAWorkingShell);
+        }
+
+        // 3. Run the command and redirect stdout & stderr in temporary files in RAM.
+        let stdout_filename = format!("/tmp/stdout_{}", generate_random_filename());
+        let stderr_filename = format!("/tmp/stderr_{}", generate_random_filename());
+        self.send_line(&format!("{} >{} 2>{}", cmd, stdout_filename, stderr_filename))?;
+        if !self.wait_for_prompt("# ")? {
+            return Err(ChannelError::UnexpectedBreakageDuringShellExecution);
+        }
+
+        let stdout = self.read_file(&PathBuf::from_str(&stdout_filename).unwrap())?;
+        let stderr = self.read_file(&PathBuf::from_str(&stderr_filename).unwrap())?;
+
+        // 4. Fetch the exit code as well.
+        self.send_line("echo $?")?;
+        let exit_code = self.wait_for_value()?;
+        if !self.wait_for_prompt("# ")? {
+            return Err(ChannelError::UnexpectedBreakageDuringShellExecution);
+        }
+
+        Ok(ShellCommandResult {
+            exit_code,
+            stdout,
+            stderr
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn infer_operational_state(&mut self) -> super::Result<Option<crate::state::OSOperState>> {
+        let mut inferred_oper_state = None;
+        // TODO: if there's no line, send an Enter keystroke.
+        // While there's a line under the right timeout.
+        while let Some(line) = self.wait_for_line()? {
+            // This is a U-Boot prompt.
+            if line.starts_with("U-Boot") || line.starts_with("==> ") {
+                inferred_oper_state = Some(crate::state::OSOperState::UBoot);
+            }
+
+            if line.starts_with("BusyBox v") {
+                inferred_oper_state = Some(crate::state::OSOperState::Userspace(crate::state::DistributionType::Unknown));
+            }
+        }
+        // TODO: read again to verify if we are in the right state.
+        self.oper_state = inferred_oper_state;
+        Ok(self.oper_state.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::{collections::HashMap, io::{BufRead, BufReader, Write}, path::PathBuf, str::FromStr, thread, time::Duration};
+    use serialport::SerialPort;
+    use tracing::{debug, level_filters::LevelFilter};
+    use virtual_serialport::VirtualPort;
+    use crate::{channels::ShellBasedInteractionChannel, state::OSOperState};
+
+    use super::Serial;
+
+    const DEFAULT_BAUD_RATE: u32 = 117200;
+
+    // TODO: create an argv type
+    // create an stdout writer type
+    // create an stderr writer type
+    type SimulatorCommandHandler = dyn Fn(Vec<&str>) -> u32 + Send;
+    struct TargetSystemSimulator {
+        pub boot_log: String,
+        pub shell_prompt: String,
+        custom_commands: HashMap<String, Box<SimulatorCommandHandler>>,
+        serial: VirtualPort
+    }
+
+    impl TargetSystemSimulator {
+        pub fn new(boot_log: String, shell_prompt: String, serial: VirtualPort) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                boot_log,
+                shell_prompt,
+                serial,
+                custom_commands: Default::default(),
+            }
+        }
+
+        fn send_shell_prompt(&mut self) {
+            self.serial.write_all(self.shell_prompt.as_bytes()).unwrap();
+        }
+
+        pub fn register_command<H>(&mut self, prefix: &str, handler: H)
+            where 
+                H: Fn(Vec<&str>) -> u32 + 'static + Send
+        {
+            self.custom_commands.insert(prefix.to_string(), Box::new(handler));
+        }
+
+        /// Main handler for the target system simulator, should run in another thread and move
+        /// itself.
+        pub fn boot(mut self) {
+            // 1. Stream the boot log first.
+            self.serial.write_all(self.boot_log.as_bytes()).unwrap();
+            // 2. Display the shell prompt
+            self.send_shell_prompt();
+            let mut reader = BufReader::new(self.serial.try_clone().unwrap());
+            loop {
+                let mut line = String::new();
+                // Distinguish timeout which is OK from another problem.
+                let size = reader.read_line(&mut line).expect("Failed to read a line");
+                // Nothing was read.
+                if size == 0 {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                self.handle_command(line);
+            }
+        }
+
+        fn handle_command(&self, cmd: String) {
+            // TODO: parse eventual shell redirections first
+            // parse shell arguments and perform shell variables expansion
+            // e.g. $? → last exit code
+            // match over the prefix if this is a custom command
+            // if this is a custom command indeed, call the custom command
+            // with the stdout and stderr objects instantiated with the possible
+            // shell redirections.
+            // if it doesn't match the custom,
+            // pass it over the builtin stuff with the parsed args
+            
+            // finally, send back the shell prompt
+        }
+
+        fn handle_builtin_command(&self, prefix: &str) {
+            match prefix {
+                "echo" => {
+                    // print whatever is passed as args
+                },
+                "type" => {
+                    // if no further arg is passed
+                    // type -P cmd should return the path to the executable if it exist.
+                },
+                "cat" => {
+                    // look for the given files
+                    // and read them over the serial.
+                }
+                _ => unimplemented!("builtin command")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn init_logging() {
+        tracing_subscriber::fmt::Subscriber::builder()
+            .with_max_level(LevelFilter::DEBUG)
+            .init();
+    }
+
+    fn create_virtual_port() -> (VirtualPort, VirtualPort) {
+        VirtualPort::open_pair(DEFAULT_BAUD_RATE, 1 * 1024 * 1024).expect("Failed to create virtual serial ports")
+    }
+
+    fn transfer_log(remote: &mut VirtualPort, file_contents: Vec<u8>) {
+        remote.write_all(&file_contents)
+            .expect("Failed to transfer all the log");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn infer_uboot() {
+        init_logging();
+
+        let (mut remote, local) = create_virtual_port();
+        // 1 ms of timeout for this scenario.
+        let mut serial_channel = Serial::new(Box::new(local), 1);
+        transfer_log(&mut remote, include_bytes!("../tests/uboot-boot-log").to_vec());
+
+        let oper_state = serial_channel.infer_operational_state().expect("Failed to infer operational state");
+
+        assert!(matches!(oper_state, Some(OSOperState::UBoot)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn infer_possible_shell_prompt() {
+        let (mut remote, local) = create_virtual_port();
+        let mut serial_channel = Serial::new(Box::new(local), 1);
+        transfer_log(&mut remote, include_bytes!("../tests/shell-prompt-log").to_vec());
+
+        let oper_state = serial_channel.infer_operational_state().expect("Failed to infer operational state");
+
+        assert!(oper_state.unwrap().is_in_userspace());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn can_read_files() {
+        init_logging();
+        let (mut remote, local) = create_virtual_port();
+        remote.set_timeout(Duration::from_secs(200)).unwrap();
+        let mut serial_channel = Serial::new(Box::new(local), 100);
+
+        let one_multiline_buffer = "test\nmultiline\na\n\n";
+        let binary_buffer: Vec<u8> = vec![0x0, 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5];
+        let copy: Vec<u8> = binary_buffer.clone();
+
+        let mut reader = BufReader::new(remote.try_clone().unwrap());
+        let _responder_handle = thread::spawn(move || {
+            let mut buffer = String::new();
+
+            println!("responder thread started");
+            let mut resp;
+            loop {
+                resp = reader.read_line(&mut buffer);
+                println!("{:?}", resp);
+                if let Ok(n) = resp {
+                    if n == 0 {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    // TODO: generalize this simulator to support shell
+                    println!("[responder thread] received: {:?}", buffer);
+                    if buffer == "cat /etc/passwd\n" {
+                        let resp = format!("{}# ", &one_multiline_buffer);
+                        debug!("[responder thread] sending: {:?} back", resp);
+                        remote.write_all(resp.as_bytes()).unwrap();
+                    }
+
+                    if buffer == "cat /bin/ls\n" {
+                        debug!("[responder thread] sending {:?} back", &copy);
+                        remote.write_all(&copy).unwrap();
+                        remote.write_all("# ".as_bytes()).unwrap();
+                    }
+
+                    buffer.clear();
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        // Non-binary test.
+        assert_eq!(
+            String::from_utf8(serial_channel.read_file(&PathBuf::from_str("/etc/passwd").unwrap()).expect("Reading a file should work")).expect("Non binary file should be valid UTF8"),
+            one_multiline_buffer
+        );
+
+        // Binary test.
+        assert_eq!(
+            serial_channel.read_file(
+                &PathBuf::from_str("/bin/ls").unwrap()
+            ).expect("Reading a file should work"),
+            binary_buffer
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn can_execute_shell_commands() {
+        init_logging();
+        let (remote, local) = create_virtual_port();
+
+        let mut serial_channel = Serial::new(Box::new(local), 100);
+        let mut simulator = TargetSystemSimulator::new(
+            include_str!("../tests/shell-prompt-log").to_string(),
+            "# ".to_string(),
+            remote
+        );
+
+        thread::spawn(move || {
+            simulator.register_command("any-command", |argv| {
+                //stdout.write("hello world");
+                //stderr.write("hello noworld");
+                
+                127
+            });
+
+            simulator.boot();
+        });
+
+        serial_channel.shell_command_execute("any-command").expect("Failed to run the shell command");
+    }
+
+    // TODO: perturbation tests with noise and send delays
+}
--- a/pkgs/limiswitch/src/interaction.rs
+++ b/pkgs/limiswitch/src/interaction.rs
@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+use crate::channels::ChannelError;
+use crate::state::{Partition, PartitionError, PartitionLayout};
+
+use super::channels::InteractionChannel;
+use super::state::{OSOperState, DistributionType};
+use thiserror::Error;
+use uri_parser::parse_uri;
+use regex::Regex;
+
+pub struct Device {
+    channel: Box<dyn InteractionChannel>,
+    pub operational_state: Option<OSOperState>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum DeviceError {
+    #[error("Malformed connection URI: {0}")]
+    MalformedConnectionURI(#[source] uri_parser::Error),
+    #[error("Unsupported connection scheme: {0}")]
+    UnsupportedConnectionScheme(String),
+    #[error("The underlying channel encountered an error: {0}")]
+    ChannelError(#[source] super::channels::ChannelError),
+    #[error("The device is in an unknown operational state at the operating system level")]
+    UnknownOperationalState,
+    #[error("The device is in an unsupported operational state at the operating system level: {0:?}")]
+    UnsupportedOperationalState(OSOperState),
+    #[error("The device type could not be inferred: unsupported device?")]
+    UnknownDeviceType,
+    #[error("This device does not have a recognizable MTD-based partition layout at {0}")]
+    MalformedPartitionLayout(&'static str),
+    #[error("This device does not have a recognizable partition: {0}")]
+    MalformedPartition(#[from] PartitionError),
+    #[error("This device does not have a MTD-based partition layout: this is unsupported")]
+    UnsupportedPartitionLayout,
+    #[error("This device has an unexpected partition layout with respect to its device type")]
+    UnexpectedPartitionLayout,
+}
+
+impl From<ChannelError> for DeviceError {
+    fn from(value: ChannelError) -> Self {
+        DeviceError::ChannelError(value)
+    }
+}
+
+pub type Result<V> = std::result::Result<V, DeviceError>;
+impl Device {
+    pub fn open_uri(uri: &str) -> Result<Self> {
+        let uri = parse_uri(uri).map_err(DeviceError::MalformedConnectionURI)?;
+        match uri.scheme {
+            "serial" => {
+                todo!();
+            },
+            "ssh" => {
+                todo!();
+            },
+            _ => return Err(DeviceError::UnsupportedConnectionScheme(uri.scheme.to_string()))
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new(channel: Box<dyn InteractionChannel>) -> Self {
+        Device {
+            channel,
+            operational_state: None
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn assert_linux_style_environment(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        // Assert we are in Liminix or OpenWRT.
+        if !matches!(self.operational_state, Some(OSOperState::Userspace(DistributionType::Liminix { .. })) | Some(OSOperState::Userspace(DistributionType::OpenWrt { .. }))) {
+            if self.operational_state.is_some() {
+                return Err(DeviceError::UnsupportedOperationalState(self.operational_state.clone().unwrap()));
+            } else {
+                return Err(DeviceError::UnknownOperationalState);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn gather_os_operational_state(&mut self) -> Result<OSOperState> {
+        // 1. Ask the underlying layer if it can know what is the current operational state.
+        // Returns it.
+        let inferred_oper_state = self.channel.infer_operational_state()?;
+        if let Some(oper_state) = inferred_oper_state {
+            return Ok(oper_state);
+        }
+
+        // 2. If it cannot guess, it means it's either a recovery or a userspace.
+        // 3. Run a command to determine if we have a busybox.
+        let has_busybox: bool = self.channel.has_executable_in_path("busybox")?;
+        // 4. If we have no busybox, fail by explaining that we have unknown OS oper state.
+        if !has_busybox {
+            return Err(DeviceError::UnknownOperationalState);
+        }
+
+        // 5. If we have a busybox,
+        //  (1) check for the existence of /nix/store → Liminix.
+        let nstore_path = PathBuf::from_str("/nix/store").unwrap();
+        let has_nix_store: bool = self.channel.has_directory(&nstore_path)?;
+        if has_nix_store {
+            let liminix_version_path = PathBuf::from_str("/etc/liminix-version").unwrap();
+            let nixpkgs_version_path = PathBuf::from_str("/etc/nixpkgs-version").unwrap();
+            return Ok(OSOperState::Userspace(DistributionType::Liminix {
+                revision: String::from_utf8(self.channel.read_file(&liminix_version_path)?).expect("Expected valid UTF-8 for revision"),
+                nixpkgs_revision: String::from_utf8(self.channel.read_file(&nixpkgs_version_path)?).expect("Expected valid UTF-8 for revision"),
+            }))
+        }
+        //  TODO: (2) check for the existence of OpenWrt specific → ...
+        //  (3) return unknown.
+
+        Ok(OSOperState::Userspace(DistributionType::Unknown))
+    }
+
+    fn gather_device_type(&mut self) -> Result<crate::state::DeviceType> {
+        self.assert_linux_style_environment()?;
+        // Read the kernel log and find "Machine is XYZ".
+        let kernel_log = self.channel.get_kernel_log()?;
+        let locate_machine_name = Regex::new(r"machine is (?<name>.*)").unwrap();
+        // Use a regex to find "Machine is ..."
+        let caps = locate_machine_name.captures(&kernel_log).unwrap();
+        let machine_name = caps["name"].to_string();
+
+        match machine_name.as_str() {
+            "ZyXEL NWA50AX" => Ok(crate::state::DeviceType::NWA50AX),
+            _ => Ok(crate::state::DeviceType::Custom(machine_name))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn gather_partition_layout(&mut self) -> Result<super::state::PartitionLayout> {
+        self.assert_linux_style_environment()?;
+        let mtd_filepath = PathBuf::from_str("/proc/mtd").unwrap();
+        let mtd_data = String::from_utf8(self.channel.read_file(&mtd_filepath)?).expect("Expected valid UTF-8 for /proc/mtd");
+        let lines: Vec<&str> = mtd_data.split_terminator("\n").collect();
+        let header_regex = Regex::new(r"dev:    size   erasesize  name").unwrap();
+        let line_regex = Regex::new(r#"(?<partname>mtd[0-9]+):\s+(?<size>[0-9a-fA-F]+)\s+(?<erasesize>[0-9a-fA-F]+)\s+"(?<name>[^"]+)""#).unwrap();
+        let header = lines.first().expect("At least the header should be present in /proc/mtd");
+        if !header_regex.find(header).is_some() {
+            return Err(DeviceError::MalformedPartitionLayout("header"));
+        }
+        let mut layout = PartitionLayout::new();
+        for line in &lines[1..] {
+            let caps = line_regex.captures(line);
+            if let Some(captures) = caps {
+                let partname = &captures["partname"];
+                let size = u64::from_str_radix(&captures["size"], 16).map_err(|_| DeviceError::MalformedPartitionLayout("size"))?;
+                let partition = Partition::new(&captures["name"],
+                    partname,
+                    u64::from_str_radix(&captures["erasesize"], 16).map_err(|_| DeviceError::MalformedPartitionLayout("erasesize"))?,
+                    size,
+                ).map_err(DeviceError::MalformedPartition)?;
+
+                layout.insert(partname.to_string(), partition);
+            } else {
+                return Err(DeviceError::MalformedPartitionLayout("body"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(layout)
+    }
+
+    fn gather_running_image_type(&self) -> Result<super::state::ImageType> {
+        // Assert we know at least one ABSchemeConfiguration partition.
+        // If not, warn about this.
+        //
+        // Assume primary.
+        //
+        // If we have an ABSchemeConfiguration partition, look for it.
+        // Perform static dispatch for every device, parse the result.
+        Ok(super::state::ImageType::Primary)
+    }
+
+    pub fn gather_runtime_state(&mut self) -> Result<super::state::RuntimeState> {
+        // 1. Determine OS operational state
+        // If it's in any of the wrong state, report error.
+        let os_oper_state = self.gather_os_operational_state()?;
+        match os_oper_state {
+            OSOperState::UBoot | OSOperState::Recovery | OSOperState::KernelPanicked(_) => return Err(DeviceError::UnsupportedOperationalState(os_oper_state)),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+
+        self.operational_state = Some(os_oper_state);
+
+        // 2. Determine device type.
+        let dtype = self.gather_device_type()?;
+        // 3. Determine partition layout
+        let playout = self.gather_partition_layout()?;
+        // and match it with one of the known partition layouts for that device type.
+        if !dtype.is_compatible_with(&playout) {
+            return Err(DeviceError::UnexpectedPartitionLayout);
+        }
+        // 4. Determine running image type given the device type.
+        let running_itype = self.gather_running_image_type()?;
+
+        Ok(crate::state::RuntimeState::new(dtype, playout, running_itype))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::{collections::{HashMap, HashSet}, path::PathBuf, str::FromStr};
+
+    use crate::{channels::InteractionChannel, state::{OSOperState, PartitionType}};
+    use super::Device;
+
+    #[derive(Default)]
+    struct FakeChannel {
+        pub oper_state: Option<OSOperState>,
+        pub file_contents: HashMap<std::path::PathBuf, String>,
+        pub kernel_log: Option<String>,
+        pub available_executables: HashSet<String>,
+        pub available_directories: HashSet<std::path::PathBuf>
+    }
+
+    type Result<V> = std::result::Result<V, crate::channels::ChannelError>;
+    impl InteractionChannel for FakeChannel {
+        fn infer_operational_state(&mut self) -> Result<Option<crate::state::OSOperState>> {
+            Ok(self.oper_state.clone())
+        }
+
+        fn execute(&mut self, cmd: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+            Ok(Vec::new())
+        }
+        fn has_executable_in_path(&mut self, executable: &str) -> Result<bool> {
+            Ok(self.available_executables.contains(executable))
+        }
+        fn get_kernel_log(&mut self) -> Result<String> {
+            Ok(self.kernel_log.clone().expect("Failed to obtain kernel log"))
+        }
+        fn read_file(&mut self, path: &std::path::Path) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+            Ok(self.file_contents.get(path).unwrap().as_bytes().to_vec())
+        }
+        fn has_directory(&mut self, path: &std::path::Path) -> Result<bool> {
+            Ok(self.available_directories.contains(path))
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Create a fake interaction channel that can mock things.
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_kernel_log_for_machine_type() {
+        let channel = Box::new(FakeChannel {
+            oper_state: Some(OSOperState::Userspace(crate::state::DistributionType::Liminix { revision: "aaaa".to_string(), nixpkgs_revision: "bbbb".to_string() })),
+            kernel_log: Some(include_str!("tests/kernel.log").to_string()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        });
+
+        let mut device = Device::new(channel);
+        let os_oper_state = device.gather_os_operational_state().expect("Failed to gather the OS operational state");
+        device.operational_state = Some(os_oper_state);
+        let dtype = device.gather_device_type().expect("Failed to gather device type");
+        println!("{:?}", dtype);
+        assert!(matches!(dtype, crate::state::DeviceType::NWA50AX));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_mtd_partition_layout() {
+        let channel = Box::new(FakeChannel {
+            oper_state: Some(OSOperState::Userspace(crate::state::DistributionType::Liminix { revision: "aaaa".to_string(), nixpkgs_revision: "bbbb".to_string() })),
+            file_contents: HashMap::from(
+                [(PathBuf::from_str("/proc/mtd").unwrap(), include_str!("tests/mtd-partitions.log").to_string())]
+            ),
+            ..Default::default()
+        });
+
+        let mut device = Device::new(channel);
+        let os_oper_state = device.gather_os_operational_state().expect("Failed to gather the OS operational state");
+        device.operational_state = Some(os_oper_state);
+
+        let layout = device.gather_partition_layout().expect("Failed to gather partition layout");
+
+        for partition in layout.values() {
+            assert_eq!(partition.erase_size, 131072);
+        }
+
+        // mtd10 are logs.
+        assert_eq!(layout.get("mtd10").unwrap().name, "logs");
+        assert_eq!(layout.get("mtd10").unwrap().size, 13631488);
+        assert!(matches!(layout.get("mtd10").unwrap().r#type, PartitionType::Logs));
+
+        // ~ 128 MiB
+        assert_eq!(layout.values().filter(|p| !matches!(p.r#type, PartitionType::Image { .. })).map(|p| p.size).sum::<u64>(), 125829120);
+    }
+
+    fn test_parse_disk_state() {
+    }
+
+    fn test_parse_memory_state() {
+    }
+}
--- a/pkgs/limiswitch/src/main.rs
+++ b/pkgs/limiswitch/src/main.rs
@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+use thiserror::Error;
+use clap::Parser;
+
+mod channels;
+mod interaction;
+mod state;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+enum DeploymentError {
+    #[error("During information gathering error, we encountered a device-specific error: {0}")]
+    InformationGatheringError(
+        #[source]
+        interaction::DeviceError
+    ),
+    #[error("Delta closure does not fit on the target partition, levitation is needed but cannot be enabled automatically yet")]
+    LevitationRequired,
+}
+
+struct Toplevel {
+    made_for: state::DeviceType,
+    path: String
+}
+
+#[derive(Parser, Debug)]
+#[command(version, about)]
+struct Args {
+    /// Top-level path for the deployment
+    toplevel_path: String,
+    /// Connection URI to the target
+    /// e.g. `serial:///dev/ttyUSB0`
+    /// e.g. `ssh://root@...`
+    connection_uri: String,
+    #[arg(long, default_value_t = false)]
+    dry_run: bool,
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let args = Args::parse();
+
+    // 1. Open the toplevel_path
+    // Obtain the theoretical target information, e.g. what device is it.
+    // Populate a `Toplevel` structure.
+
+    // 2. Connect to the connection URI
+    let mut device = interaction::Device::open_uri(&args.connection_uri).expect("Failed to open the device");
+    // Run information gathering procedure.
+    let runtime_state = device.gather_runtime_state().expect("Failed to gather the runtime state");
+
+    // Compare theoretical target information with actual target information.
+    // toplevel.is_compatible_with(runtime_state);
+    // Fail if it's wrong.
+
+    // 3. Compute the delta closure to send.
+    // let store_paths = device.get_store_paths_for(ImageState::Secondary);
+    // let delta = toplevel.delta(store_paths);
+    // 4. Compute the size of the delta closure
+    // let size = delta.size();
+    //  Verify if it fits in the RAM, if not, fail.
+    //  Verify if it fits in the target disk, if not, warn.
+    //
+    // 5. If it doesn't fit in the target disk, verify if levitation is available.
+    // If not, fail.
+    //
+    // 6. If it doesn't fit and levitation is available, propose levitation as a deployment method
+    //    and go back to 2 with a levitation parameter, i.e. `?actual-system=/mnt` or something
+    //    like that.
+    //
+    // 7. If it fits in the target disk, copy the contents of the store in the target.
+
+    // Under A/B:
+    // - Identify which image are we running, whether there's a success image and are we on it, if
+    // not, propose to reboot in the success image and wait for the device to be available again.
+    //
+    // - Instead of writing the contents of the store in the target, propose to mount the B store,
+    // write the contents over there, there's no need for levitation anymore.
+    //
+    // - Write the kernel image to the B partition as well and verify that its size fits the MTD
+    // sizes.
+    //
+    // - Put the new image under test, reboot into it, let the bootloader handle it. Wait for
+    // successful boot to the new image, if not, signal that deployment failed to pass A/B checks.
+    tracing::info!("Test {}", args.toplevel_path);
+}
--- a/pkgs/limiswitch/src/state.rs
+++ b/pkgs/limiswitch/src/state.rs
@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum DistributionType {
+    Liminix {
+        revision: String,
+        nixpkgs_revision: String
+    },
+    OpenWrt {
+        version: String
+    },
+    Unknown
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum OSOperState {
+    UBoot,
+    Recovery,
+    Userspace(DistributionType),
+    KernelPanicked(String),
+}
+
+impl OSOperState {
+    pub fn is_in_userspace(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, OSOperState::Userspace(_))
+    }
+}
+
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum ImageType {
+    Primary,
+    Secondary
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum DeviceType {
+    NWA50AX,
+    Custom(String)
+}
+
+impl DeviceType {
+    pub fn is_compatible_with(&self, _: &PartitionLayout) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum FilesystemType {
+    UBI,
+    JFFS2,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum ABSchemeType {
+    Zyxel
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum PartitionType {
+    UBootFirmware,
+    UBootConfig,
+    /// kernel + rootfs concatenated.
+    Image {
+        variant: ImageType
+    },
+    Kernel {
+        variant: ImageType
+    },
+    RootFs {
+        fs_type: FilesystemType,
+        variant: ImageType
+    },
+    UserData,
+    Logs,
+    Vendor,
+    ABSchemeConfiguration {
+        variant: ABSchemeType
+    },
+    DeviceSpecificData
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum PartitionError {
+    #[error("The partition name '{0}' was not sufficient to determine the partition type")]
+    UnknownPartitionType(String),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Partition {
+    pub size: u64,
+    pub erase_size: u64,
+    // offset are hard to compute using the /proc/mtd file.
+    // we need also the DTB file as well because partitions can be overlapping.
+    pub name: String,
+    pub partname: String,
+    pub r#type: PartitionType
+}
+
+impl Partition {
+    pub fn new(name: &str, partname: &str, erase_size: u64, size: u64) -> Result<Self, PartitionError> {
+        let r#type = match name {
+            "u-boot" => PartitionType::UBootFirmware,
+            "u-boot-env" => PartitionType::UBootConfig,
+            "factory" | "vendor-myzyxel" => PartitionType::Vendor,
+            "firmware" | "firmware_a" => PartitionType::Image {
+                variant: ImageType::Primary
+            },
+            "firmware_b" => PartitionType::Image {
+                variant: ImageType::Secondary
+            },
+            "kernel" | "kernel_a" => PartitionType::Kernel { variant: ImageType::Primary },
+            "kernel_b" => PartitionType::Kernel { variant: ImageType::Secondary },
+            "ubi" | "ubi_a" => PartitionType::RootFs {
+                fs_type: FilesystemType::UBI,
+                variant: ImageType::Primary
+            },
+            "ubi_b" => PartitionType::RootFs { fs_type: FilesystemType::UBI, variant: ImageType::Secondary },
+            "rootfs_data" => PartitionType::UserData,
+            "logs" => PartitionType::Logs,
+            "bootconfig" => PartitionType::ABSchemeConfiguration { variant: ABSchemeType::Zyxel },
+            "mrd" => PartitionType::DeviceSpecificData,
+            _ => return Err(PartitionError::UnknownPartitionType(name.to_string()))
+        };
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            name: name.to_string(),
+            partname: partname.to_string(),
+            size,
+            erase_size,
+            r#type
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+pub type PartitionLayout = HashMap<String, Partition>;
+
+pub struct RuntimeState {
+    device_type: DeviceType,
+    partition_layout: PartitionLayout,
+    running_image: ImageType,
+    //memory_state: MemoryState,
+    //disk_state: DiskState
+}
+
+impl RuntimeState {
+    pub fn new(device_type: DeviceType, partition_layout: PartitionLayout, running_image: ImageType) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            device_type,
+            partition_layout,
+            running_image
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/pkgs/limiswitch/src/tests/free.log
+++ b/pkgs/limiswitch/src/tests/free.log
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
+Mem:         250920       36056      201556        1452       13308      205368
+Swap:             0           0           0
--- a/pkgs/limiswitch/src/tests/kernel-boot-log
+++ b/pkgs/limiswitch/src/tests/kernel-boot-log
@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+U-Boot SPL 2018.09 (Jan 22 2021 - 07:42:43 +0000)
+Trying to boot from NAND
+
+Initializing NMBM ...
+Signature found at block 1023 [0x07fe0000]
+First info table with writecount 23 found in block 960
+Second info table with writecount 23 found in block 963
+NMBM has been successfully attached
+
+
+U-Boot 2018.09 (Jan 22 2021 - 07:42:43 +0000)
+
+CPU:   MediaTek MT7621AT ver 1, eco 3
+Clocks: CPU: 880MHz, DDR: 600MHz (1200MT/s), Bus: 220MHz, XTAL: 40MHz
+Model: MediaTek MT7621 reference board (NAND)
+DRAM:  256 MiB
+NAND:  128 MiB
+
+Initializing NMBM ...
+Signature found at block 1023 [0x07fe0000]
+First info table with writecount 23 found in block 960
+Second info table with writecount 23 found in block 963
+NMBM has been successfully attached
+
+Loading Environment from NMBM... *** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
+
+In:    uartlite0@1e000c00
+Out:   uartlite0@1e000c00
+Err:   uartlite0@1e000c00
+Net:   
+Warning: eth@1e100000 (eth0) using random MAC address - fa:26:d7:78:e2:6c
+eth0: eth@1e100000
+Reading from 0x7700000, size 0x20000
+Succeeded
+Zyxel version:V1.03
+gpio: pin 6 (gpio 6) value is 1
+gpio: pin 24 (gpio 24) value is 0
+gpio: pin 24 (gpio 24) value is 1
+Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0 
+Loading FIT image at offset 0x180000 to memory 0x83000000, size 0x2c4098 ...
+Automatic boot of image at addr 0x83000000 ...
+## Loading kernel from FIT Image at 83000000 ...
+   Using 'conf-1' configuration
+   Trying 'kernel' kernel subimage
+     Description:  Vanilla Linux kernel
+     Type:         Kernel Image
+     Compression:  lzma compressed
+     Data Start:   0x83000110
+     Data Size:    2886231 Bytes = 2.8 MiB
+     Architecture: MIPS
+     OS:           Linux
+     Load Address: 0x80001000
+     Entry Point:  0x80001000
+     Hash algo:    crc32
+     Hash value:   2b3aa711
+     Hash algo:    sha1
+     Hash value:   c6601a1909011f95acfbfaed2c6c2b4f6703a98a
+   Verifying Hash Integrity ... crc32+ sha1+ OK
+## Loading fdt from FIT Image at 83000000 ...
+   Using 'conf-1' configuration
+   Trying 'fdt-1' fdt subimage
+     Description:  Flattened Device Tree blob
+     Type:         Flat Device Tree
+     Compression:  uncompressed
+     Data Start:   0x832c0c94
+     Data Size:    12011 Bytes = 11.7 KiB
+     Architecture: MIPS
+     Hash algo:    crc32
+     Hash value:   e712ab77
+     Hash algo:    sha1
+     Hash value:   705532a8d74d5d6921aada1572531caf385c4aaf
+   Verifying Hash Integrity ... crc32+ sha1+ OK
+   Booting using the fdt blob at 0x832c0c94
+   Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
+   Loading Device Tree to 8fe67000, end 8fe6ceea ... OK
+[    0.000000] Linux version 5.15.137 (nixbld@liminix.builder) (mipsel-unknown-linux-musl-gcc (GCC) 13.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.42) #1 SMP Mon Aug 26 18:09:43 UTC 2024
+[    0.000000] SoC Type: MediaTek MT7621 ver:1 eco:3
+[    0.000000] printk: bootconsole [early0] enabled
+[    0.000000] CPU0 revision is: 0001992f (MIPS 1004Kc)
+[    0.000000] MIPS: machine is ZyXEL NWA50AX
+[    0.000000] Initrd not found or empty - disabling initrd
+[    0.000000] Detected 1 available secondary CPU(s)
+[    0.000000] Primary instruction cache 32kB, VIPT, 4-way, linesize 32 bytes.
+[    0.000000] Primary data cache 32kB, 4-way, PIPT, no aliases, linesize 32 bytes
+[    0.000000] MIPS secondary cache 256kB, 8-way, linesize 32 bytes.
+[    0.000000] Zone ranges:
+[    0.000000]   Normal   [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000fffffff]
+[    0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
+[    0.000000] Early memory node ranges
+[    0.000000]   node   0: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000fffffff]
+[    0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000fffffff]
+[    0.000000] percpu: Embedded 10 pages/cpu s11184 r8192 d21584 u40960
+[    0.000000] pcpu-alloc: s11184 r8192 d21584 u40960 alloc=10*4096
+[    0.000000] pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 [0] 1 
+[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 65024
+[    0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,115200 panic=10 oops=panic init=/bin/init loglevel=8 root=ubi0:rootfs rootfstype=ubifs fw_devlink=off ubi.mtd=ubi_a ubi.mtd=ubi_b rootalt=ubi1:rootfs
+[    0.000000] Unknown kernel command line parameters "rootalt=ubi1:rootfs", will be passed to user space.
+[    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)
+[    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
+[    0.000000] Writing ErrCtl register=000307c0
+[    0.000000] Readback ErrCtl register=000307c0
+[    0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:all(zero), heap alloc:off, heap free:off
+[    0.000000] Memory: 249660K/262144K available (6690K kernel code, 620K rwdata, 1272K rodata, 1260K init, 215K bss, 12484K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
+[    0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=2, Nodes=1
+[    0.000000] rcu: Hierarchical RCU implementation.
+[    0.000000] rcu: 	RCU event tracing is enabled.
+[    0.000000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 25 jiffies.
+[    0.000000] NR_IRQS: 256
+[    0.000000] clocksource: GIC: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0xcaf478abb4, max_idle_ns: 440795247997 ns
+[    0.000003] sched_clock: 64 bits at 880MHz, resolution 1ns, wraps every 4398046511103ns
+[    0.008219] Console: colour dummy device 80x25
+[    0.012632] Calibrating delay loop... 583.68 BogoMIPS (lpj=1167360)
+[    0.046815] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
+[    0.051584] Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
+[    0.058814] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
+[    0.068781] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
+[    0.074119] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
+[    0.079356] Primary instruction cache 32kB, VIPT, 4-way, linesize 32 bytes.
+[    0.079377] Primary data cache 32kB, 4-way, PIPT, no aliases, linesize 32 bytes
+[    0.079391] MIPS secondary cache 256kB, 8-way, linesize 32 bytes.
+[    0.079436] CPU1 revision is: 0001992f (MIPS 1004Kc)
+[    0.106818] Synchronize counters for CPU 1: done.
+[    0.137420] smp: Brought up 1 node, 2 CPUs
+[    0.142178] devtmpfs: initialized
+[    0.149145] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 7645041785100000 ns
+[    0.158853] futex hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
+[    0.165690] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
+[    0.172367] NET: Registered PF_NETLINK/PF_ROUTE protocol family
+[    0.195333] FPU Affinity set after 4688 emulations
+[    0.210943] vgaarb: loaded
+[    0.213836] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered
+[    0.218720] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+[    0.227854] PTP clock support registered
+[    0.232998] clocksource: Switched to clocksource GIC
+[    0.247935] NET: Registered PF_INET protocol family
+[    0.253125] IP idents hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes, linear)
+[    0.261130] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 6144 bytes, linear)
+[    0.269459] Table-perturb hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear)
+[    0.277129] TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
+[    0.284755] TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
+[    0.291853] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)
+[    0.298251] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
+[    0.304746] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
+[    0.311881] NET: Registered PF_UNIX/PF_LOCAL protocol family
+[    0.317505] PCI: CLS 0 bytes, default 32
+[    0.322026] Initialise system trusted keyrings
+[    0.327035] workingset: timestamp_bits=30 max_order=16 bucket_order=0
+[    0.338742] squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
+[    0.344665] NET: Registered PF_ALG protocol family
+[    0.349399] Key type asymmetric registered
+[    0.353449] Asymmetric key parser 'x509' registered
+[    0.358358] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
+[    0.362815] io scheduler kyber registered
+[    0.368221] mt7621_gpio 1e000600.gpio: registering 32 gpios
+[    0.374020] mt7621_gpio 1e000600.gpio: registering 32 gpios
+[    0.379793] mt7621_gpio 1e000600.gpio: registering 32 gpios
+[    0.385647] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie: host bridge /pcie@1e140000 ranges:
+[    0.392289] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie:   No bus range found for /pcie@1e140000, using [bus 00-ff]
+[    0.401045] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie:      MEM 0x0060000000..0x006fffffff -> 0x0060000000
+[    0.409152] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie:       IO 0x001e160000..0x001e16ffff -> 0x0000000000
+[    0.740955] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie: pcie2 no card, disable it (RST & CLK)
+[    0.747846] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie: PCIE0 enabled
+[    0.752677] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie: PCIE1 enabled
+[    0.757536] PCI coherence region base: 0x60000000, mask/settings: 0xf0000002
+[    0.764608] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie: PCI host bridge to bus 0000:00
+[    0.770889] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [bus 00-ff]
+[    0.776322] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x60000000-0x6fffffff]
+[    0.783158] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io  0x0000-0xffff]
+[    0.789335] pci 0000:00:00.0: [0e8d:0801] type 01 class 0x060400
+[    0.795284] pci 0000:00:00.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x00000000-0x7fffffff]
+[    0.801502] pci 0000:00:00.0: reg 0x14: [mem 0x60600000-0x6060ffff]
+[    0.807783] pci 0000:00:00.0: supports D1
+[    0.811723] pci 0000:00:00.0: PME# supported from D0 D1 D3hot
+[    0.817741] pci 0000:00:01.0: [0e8d:0801] type 01 class 0x060400
+[    0.823690] pci 0000:00:01.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x00000000-0x7fffffff]
+[    0.829903] pci 0000:00:01.0: reg 0x14: [mem 0x60610000-0x6061ffff]
+[    0.836181] pci 0000:00:01.0: supports D1
+[    0.840120] pci 0000:00:01.0: PME# supported from D0 D1 D3hot
+[    0.847184] pci 0000:01:00.0: [14c3:7916] type 00 class 0x000280
+[    0.853152] pci 0000:01:00.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x00000000-0x000fffff 64bit pref]
+[    0.860309] pci 0000:01:00.0: reg 0x18: [mem 0x00000000-0x00003fff 64bit pref]
+[    0.867491] pci 0000:01:00.0: reg 0x20: [mem 0x00000000-0x00000fff 64bit pref]
+[    0.874765] pci 0000:01:00.0: supports D1 D2
+[    0.878963] pci 0000:01:00.0: PME# supported from D0 D1 D2 D3hot D3cold
+[    0.885578] pci 0000:01:00.0: 2.000 Gb/s available PCIe bandwidth, limited by 2.5 GT/s PCIe x1 link at 0000:00:00.0 (capable of 4.000 Gb/s with 5.0 GT/s PCIe x1 link)
+[    0.900515] pci 0000:00:00.0: ASPM: current common clock configuration is inconsistent, reconfiguring
+[    0.922059] pci 0000:00:00.0: PCI bridge to [bus 01-ff]
+[    0.927224] pci 0000:00:00.0:   bridge window [io  0x0000-0x0fff]
+[    0.933267] pci 0000:00:00.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60000000-0x600fffff]
+[    0.940003] pci 0000:00:00.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60100000-0x602fffff pref]
+[    0.947180] pci_bus 0000:01: busn_res: [bus 01-ff] end is updated to 01
+[    0.953911] pci 0000:02:00.0: [14c3:7915] type 00 class 0x000280
+[    0.959872] pci 0000:02:00.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x00000000-0x000fffff 64bit pref]
+[    0.967034] pci 0000:02:00.0: reg 0x18: [mem 0x00000000-0x00003fff 64bit pref]
+[    0.974205] pci 0000:02:00.0: reg 0x20: [mem 0x00000000-0x00000fff 64bit pref]
+[    0.981495] pci 0000:02:00.0: supports D1 D2
+[    0.985693] pci 0000:02:00.0: PME# supported from D0 D1 D2 D3hot D3cold
+[    0.992302] pci 0000:02:00.0: 2.000 Gb/s available PCIe bandwidth, limited by 2.5 GT/s PCIe x1 link at 0000:00:01.0 (capable of 4.000 Gb/s with 5.0 GT/s PCIe x1 link)
+[    1.007243] pci 0000:00:01.0: ASPM: current common clock configuration is inconsistent, reconfiguring
+[    1.026050] pci 0000:00:01.0: PCI bridge to [bus 02-ff]
+[    1.031213] pci 0000:00:01.0:   bridge window [io  0x0000-0x0fff]
+[    1.037258] pci 0000:00:01.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60300000-0x603fffff]
+[    1.043993] pci 0000:00:01.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60400000-0x605fffff pref]
+[    1.051168] pci_bus 0000:02: busn_res: [bus 02-ff] end is updated to 02
+[    1.057783] pci 0000:00:00.0: BAR 0: no space for [mem size 0x80000000]
+[    1.064323] pci 0000:00:00.0: BAR 0: failed to assign [mem size 0x80000000]
+[    1.071237] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 0: no space for [mem size 0x80000000]
+[    1.077800] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 0: failed to assign [mem size 0x80000000]
+[    1.084712] pci 0000:00:00.0: BAR 8: assigned [mem 0x60000000-0x600fffff]
+[    1.091462] pci 0000:00:00.0: BAR 9: assigned [mem 0x60100000-0x602fffff pref]
+[    1.098632] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 8: assigned [mem 0x60300000-0x603fffff]
+[    1.105366] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 9: assigned [mem 0x60400000-0x605fffff pref]
+[    1.112532] pci 0000:00:00.0: BAR 1: assigned [mem 0x60600000-0x6060ffff]
+[    1.119279] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 1: assigned [mem 0x60610000-0x6061ffff]
+[    1.126017] pci 0000:00:00.0: BAR 7: assigned [io  0x0000-0x0fff]
+[    1.132058] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 7: assigned [io  0x1000-0x1fff]
+[    1.138123] pci 0000:01:00.0: BAR 0: assigned [mem 0x60100000-0x601fffff 64bit pref]
+[    1.145814] pci 0000:01:00.0: BAR 2: assigned [mem 0x60200000-0x60203fff 64bit pref]
+[    1.153509] pci 0000:01:00.0: BAR 4: assigned [mem 0x60204000-0x60204fff 64bit pref]
+[    1.161191] pci 0000:00:00.0: PCI bridge to [bus 01]
+[    1.166100] pci 0000:00:00.0:   bridge window [io  0x0000-0x0fff]
+[    1.172148] pci 0000:00:00.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60000000-0x600fffff]
+[    1.178890] pci 0000:00:00.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60100000-0x602fffff pref]
+[    1.186069] pci 0000:02:00.0: BAR 0: assigned [mem 0x60400000-0x604fffff 64bit pref]
+[    1.193765] pci 0000:02:00.0: BAR 2: assigned [mem 0x60500000-0x60503fff 64bit pref]
+[    1.201460] pci 0000:02:00.0: BAR 4: assigned [mem 0x60504000-0x60504fff 64bit pref]
+[    1.209142] pci 0000:00:01.0: PCI bridge to [bus 02]
+[    1.214057] pci 0000:00:01.0:   bridge window [io  0x1000-0x1fff]
+[    1.220099] pci 0000:00:01.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60300000-0x603fffff]
+[    1.226842] pci 0000:00:01.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60400000-0x605fffff pref]
+[    1.293542] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 3 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
+[    1.301644] printk: console [ttyS0] disabled
+[    1.305976] 1e000c00.uartlite: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x1e000c00 (irq = 15, base_baud = 3125000) is a 16550A
+[    1.314993] printk: console [ttyS0] enabled
+[    1.314993] printk: console [ttyS0] enabled
+[    1.323262] printk: bootconsole [early0] disabled
+[    1.323262] printk: bootconsole [early0] disabled
+[    1.334173] nand: device found, Manufacturer ID: 0xc2, Chip ID: 0xf1
+[    1.340567] nand: Macronix MX30LF1G28AD
+[    1.344406] nand: 128 MiB, SLC, erase size: 128 KiB, page size: 2048, OOB size: 128
+[    1.352063] mt7621-nand 1e003000.nand: ECC strength adjusted to 12 bits
+[    1.361705] Signature found at block 1023 [0x07fe0000]
+[    1.366845] NMBM management region starts at block 960 [0x07800000]
+[    1.378939] First info table with writecount 23 found in block 960
+[    1.402434] Second info table with writecount 23 found in block 963
+[    1.408759] NMBM has been successfully attached
+[    1.413442] 10 fixed-partitions partitions found on MTD device mt7621-nand
+[    1.420708] Creating 10 MTD partitions on "mt7621-nand":
+[    1.426033] 0x000000000000-0x000000080000 : "u-boot"
+[    1.439393] 0x000000080000-0x000000100000 : "u-boot-env"
+[    1.453018] 0x000000100000-0x000000180000 : "factory"
+[    1.466290] 0x000000180000-0x000002980000 : "firmware_a"
+[    2.085192] 2 fixed-partitions partitions found on MTD device firmware_a
+[    2.091913] Creating 2 MTD partitions on "firmware_a":
+[    2.097057] 0x000000000000-0x000000800000 : "kernel_a"
+[    2.225364] 0x000000800000-0x000002800000 : "ubi_a"
+[    2.721502] 0x000002980000-0x000005180000 : "firmware_b"
+[    3.340201] 2 fixed-partitions partitions found on MTD device firmware_b
+[    3.346925] Creating 2 MTD partitions on "firmware_b":
+[    3.352064] 0x000000000000-0x000000800000 : "kernel_b"
+[    3.480209] 0x000000800000-0x000002800000 : "ubi_b"
+[    3.975604] 0x000005180000-0x000006580000 : "rootfs_data"
+[    4.287770] 0x000006580000-0x000007280000 : "logs"
+[    4.492133] 0x000007280000-0x000007700000 : "vendor-myzyxel"
+[    4.567214] 0x000007700000-0x000007780000 : "bootconfig"
+[    4.580694] 0x000007780000-0x000007800000 : "mrd"
+[    4.728864] mt7530-mdio mdio-bus:1f: MT7530 adapts as multi-chip module
+[    4.739458] mtk_soc_eth 1e100000.ethernet eth0: mediatek frame engine at 0xbe100000, irq 17
+[    4.749784] NET: Registered PF_INET6 protocol family
+[    4.756359] Segment Routing with IPv6
+[    4.760159] In-situ OAM (IOAM) with IPv6
+[    4.764195] sit: IPv6, IPv4 and MPLS over IPv4 tunneling driver
+[    4.770813] NET: Registered PF_PACKET protocol family
+[    4.776327] 8021q: 802.1Q VLAN Support v1.8
+[    4.781226] Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates
+[    4.797717] Loaded X.509 cert 'Build time autogenerated kernel key: 3cb1578c6bb232a0582cf98f15a4972f913c1af3'
+[    4.807657] Problem parsing in-kernel X.509 certificate list
+[    4.817384] Key type encrypted registered
+[    4.823997] mt7530-mdio mdio-bus:1f: MT7530 adapts as multi-chip module
+[    4.846401] mt7530-mdio mdio-bus:1f: configuring for fixed/rgmii link mode
+[    4.854160] mt7530-mdio mdio-bus:1f: Link is Up - 1Gbps/Full - flow control rx/tx
+[    4.859153] mt7530-mdio mdio-bus:1f lan (uninitialized): PHY [mt7530-0:04] driver [MediaTek MT7530 PHY] (irq=19)
+[    4.873468] DSA: tree 0 setup
+[    4.876897] ubi0: attaching mtd5
+[    5.863781] ubi0: scanning is finished
+[    5.890797] ubi0: attached mtd5 (name "ubi_a", size 32 MiB)
+[    5.896409] ubi0: PEB size: 131072 bytes (128 KiB), LEB size: 126976 bytes
+[    5.903277] ubi0: min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048/2048, sub-page size 2048
+[    5.910056] ubi0: VID header offset: 2048 (aligned 2048), data offset: 4096
+[    5.917009] ubi0: good PEBs: 256, bad PEBs: 0, corrupted PEBs: 0
+[    5.923007] ubi0: user volume: 1, internal volumes: 1, max. volumes count: 128
+[    5.930219] ubi0: max/mean erase counter: 126998/126988, WL threshold: 4096, image sequence number: 315532800
+[    5.940115] ubi0: available PEBs: 0, total reserved PEBs: 256, PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: 19
+[    5.949340] ubi0: background thread "ubi_bgt0d" started, PID 68
+[    5.953018] ubi1: attaching mtd8
+[    6.941910] ubi1: scanning is finished
+[    6.968862] ubi1: attached mtd8 (name "ubi_b", size 32 MiB)
+[    6.974487] ubi1: PEB size: 131072 bytes (128 KiB), LEB size: 126976 bytes
+[    6.981359] ubi1: min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048/2048, sub-page size 2048
+[    6.988141] ubi1: VID header offset: 2048 (aligned 2048), data offset: 4096
+[    6.995099] ubi1: good PEBs: 256, bad PEBs: 0, corrupted PEBs: 0
+[    7.001112] ubi1: user volume: 1, internal volumes: 1, max. volumes count: 128
+[    7.008326] ubi1: max/mean erase counter: 126977/126976, WL threshold: 4096, image sequence number: 315532800
+[    7.018233] ubi1: available PEBs: 0, total reserved PEBs: 256, PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: 19
+[    7.027465] ubi1: background thread "ubi_bgt1d" started, PID 69
+[    7.038616] Freeing unused kernel image (initmem) memory: 1260K
+[    7.044603] This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.
+[    7.051061] Run /init as init process
+[    7.054731]   with arguments:
+[    7.057703]     /init
+[    7.059965]   with environment:
+[    7.063110]     HOME=/
+[    7.065478]     TERM=linux
+[    7.068172]     rootalt=ubi1:rootfs
+Running pre-init...
+cmdline: "console=ttyS0,115[    7.075377] UBIFS (ubi0:0): Mounting in unauthenticated mode
+200 panic=10 oop[    7.082657] UBIFS (ubi0:0): background thread "ubifs_bgt0_0" started, PID 70
+s=panic init=/bin/init loglevel=8 root=ubi0:rootfs rootfstype=ubifs fw_devlink=off ubi.mtd=ubi_a ubi.mtd=ubi_b rootalt=ubi1:rootfs"
+rootdevice ubi0:rootfs (ubifs, altdevice=ubi1:rootfs)
+[    7.204958] UBIFS (ubi0:0): recovery needed
+[    7.598521] UBIFS (ubi0:0): recovery completed
+[    7.603217] UBIFS (ubi0:0): UBIFS: mounted UBI device 0, volume 0, name "rootfs"
+[    7.610665] UBIFS (ubi0:0): LEB size: 126976 bytes (124 KiB), min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048 bytes/2048 bytes
+[    7.620568] UBIFS (ubi0:0): FS size: 28315648 bytes (27 MiB, 223 LEBs), max 256 LEBs, journal size 4444160 bytes (4 MiB, 35 LEBs)
+[    7.632205] UBIFS (ubi0:0): reserved for root: 0 bytes (0 KiB)
+[    7.638040] UBIFS (ubi0:0): media format: w4/r0 (latest is w5/r0), UUID A68EAB38-9D1E-4184-AEFB-63A0740A6A2D, small LPT model
+
+  s6-linux-init version 1.1.2.0
--- a/pkgs/limiswitch/src/tests/kernel.log
+++ b/pkgs/limiswitch/src/tests/kernel.log
@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+<5>[    0.000000] Linux version 5.15.137 (nixbld@liminix.builder) (mipsel-unknown-linux-musl-gcc (GCC) 13.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.42) #1 SMP Mon Aug 26 18:09:43 UTC 2024
+<6>[    0.000000] SoC Type: MediaTek MT7621 ver:1 eco:3
+<6>[    0.000000] printk: bootconsole [early0] enabled
+<6>[    0.000000] CPU0 revision is: 0001992f (MIPS 1004Kc)
+<6>[    0.000000] MIPS: machine is ZyXEL NWA50AX
+<6>[    0.000000] Initrd not found or empty - disabling initrd
+<6>[    0.000000] Detected 1 available secondary CPU(s)
+<6>[    0.000000] Primary instruction cache 32kB, VIPT, 4-way, linesize 32 bytes.
+<6>[    0.000000] Primary data cache 32kB, 4-way, PIPT, no aliases, linesize 32 bytes
+<4>[    0.000000] MIPS secondary cache 256kB, 8-way, linesize 32 bytes.
+<6>[    0.000000] Zone ranges:
+<6>[    0.000000]   Normal   [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000fffffff]
+<6>[    0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
+<6>[    0.000000] Early memory node ranges
+<6>[    0.000000]   node   0: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000fffffff]
+<6>[    0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000fffffff]
+<6>[    0.000000] percpu: Embedded 10 pages/cpu s11184 r8192 d21584 u40960
+<7>[    0.000000] pcpu-alloc: s11184 r8192 d21584 u40960 alloc=10*4096
+<7>[    0.000000] pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 [0] 1 
+<6>[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 65024
+<5>[    0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,115200 panic=10 oops=panic init=/bin/init loglevel=8 root=ubi0:rootfs rootfstype=ubifs fw_devlink=off ubi.mtd=ubi_a ubi.mtd=ubi_b rootalt=ubi1:rootfs
+<5>[    0.000000] Unknown kernel command line parameters "rootalt=ubi1:rootfs", will be passed to user space.
+<6>[    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)
+<6>[    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
+<6>[    0.000000] Writing ErrCtl register=000307c0
+<6>[    0.000000] Readback ErrCtl register=000307c0
+<6>[    0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:all(zero), heap alloc:off, heap free:off
+<6>[    0.000000] Memory: 249660K/262144K available (6690K kernel code, 620K rwdata, 1272K rodata, 1260K init, 215K bss, 12484K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
+<6>[    0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=2, Nodes=1
+<6>[    0.000000] rcu: Hierarchical RCU implementation.
+<6>[    0.000000] rcu: 	RCU event tracing is enabled.
+<6>[    0.000000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 25 jiffies.
+<6>[    0.000000] NR_IRQS: 256
+<6>[    0.000000] clocksource: GIC: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0xcaf478abb4, max_idle_ns: 440795247997 ns
+<6>[    0.000004] sched_clock: 64 bits at 880MHz, resolution 1ns, wraps every 4398046511103ns
+<6>[    0.008218] Console: colour dummy device 80x25
+<6>[    0.012632] Calibrating delay loop... 583.68 BogoMIPS (lpj=1167360)
+<6>[    0.046814] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
+<6>[    0.051583] Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
+<6>[    0.058813] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
+<6>[    0.068777] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
+<6>[    0.074116] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
+<6>[    0.079353] Primary instruction cache 32kB, VIPT, 4-way, linesize 32 bytes.
+<6>[    0.079374] Primary data cache 32kB, 4-way, PIPT, no aliases, linesize 32 bytes
+<4>[    0.079388] MIPS secondary cache 256kB, 8-way, linesize 32 bytes.
+<6>[    0.079433] CPU1 revision is: 0001992f (MIPS 1004Kc)
+<6>[    0.106815] Synchronize counters for CPU 1: done.
+<6>[    0.137415] smp: Brought up 1 node, 2 CPUs
+<6>[    0.142174] devtmpfs: initialized
+<6>[    0.149141] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 7645041785100000 ns
+<6>[    0.158851] futex hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
+<6>[    0.165686] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
+<6>[    0.172363] NET: Registered PF_NETLINK/PF_ROUTE protocol family
+<7>[    0.195326] FPU Affinity set after 4688 emulations
+<6>[    0.210941] vgaarb: loaded
+<6>[    0.213833] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered
+<6>[    0.218718] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+<6>[    0.227852] PTP clock support registered
+<6>[    0.232996] clocksource: Switched to clocksource GIC
+<6>[    0.247916] NET: Registered PF_INET protocol family
+<6>[    0.253106] IP idents hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes, linear)
+<6>[    0.261109] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 6144 bytes, linear)
+<6>[    0.269438] Table-perturb hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear)
+<6>[    0.277109] TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
+<6>[    0.284734] TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
+<6>[    0.291833] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)
+<6>[    0.298233] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
+<6>[    0.304728] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
+<6>[    0.311863] NET: Registered PF_UNIX/PF_LOCAL protocol family
+<6>[    0.317488] PCI: CLS 0 bytes, default 32
+<5>[    0.322010] Initialise system trusted keyrings
+<6>[    0.326848] workingset: timestamp_bits=30 max_order=16 bucket_order=0
+<6>[    0.338689] squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
+<6>[    0.344647] NET: Registered PF_ALG protocol family
+<5>[    0.349383] Key type asymmetric registered
+<5>[    0.353437] Asymmetric key parser 'x509' registered
+<6>[    0.358339] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
+<6>[    0.362797] io scheduler kyber registered
+<6>[    0.368367] mt7621_gpio 1e000600.gpio: registering 32 gpios
+<6>[    0.374144] mt7621_gpio 1e000600.gpio: registering 32 gpios
+<6>[    0.379906] mt7621_gpio 1e000600.gpio: registering 32 gpios
+<6>[    0.385758] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie: host bridge /pcie@1e140000 ranges:
+<6>[    0.392397] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie:   No bus range found for /pcie@1e140000, using [bus 00-ff]
+<6>[    0.401153] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie:      MEM 0x0060000000..0x006fffffff -> 0x0060000000
+<6>[    0.409262] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie:       IO 0x001e160000..0x001e16ffff -> 0x0000000000
+<6>[    0.740953] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie: pcie2 no card, disable it (RST & CLK)
+<6>[    0.747846] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie: PCIE0 enabled
+<6>[    0.752676] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie: PCIE1 enabled
+<6>[    0.757535] PCI coherence region base: 0x60000000, mask/settings: 0xf0000002
+<6>[    0.764608] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie: PCI host bridge to bus 0000:00
+<6>[    0.770890] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [bus 00-ff]
+<6>[    0.776323] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x60000000-0x6fffffff]
+<6>[    0.783159] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io  0x0000-0xffff]
+<6>[    0.789337] pci 0000:00:00.0: [0e8d:0801] type 01 class 0x060400
+<6>[    0.795285] pci 0000:00:00.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x00000000-0x7fffffff]
+<6>[    0.801504] pci 0000:00:00.0: reg 0x14: [mem 0x60600000-0x6060ffff]
+<6>[    0.807784] pci 0000:00:00.0: supports D1
+<6>[    0.811724] pci 0000:00:00.0: PME# supported from D0 D1 D3hot
+<6>[    0.817750] pci 0000:00:01.0: [0e8d:0801] type 01 class 0x060400
+<6>[    0.823698] pci 0000:00:01.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x00000000-0x7fffffff]
+<6>[    0.829912] pci 0000:00:01.0: reg 0x14: [mem 0x60610000-0x6061ffff]
+<6>[    0.836183] pci 0000:00:01.0: supports D1
+<6>[    0.840122] pci 0000:00:01.0: PME# supported from D0 D1 D3hot
+<6>[    0.847184] pci 0000:01:00.0: [14c3:7916] type 00 class 0x000280
+<6>[    0.853151] pci 0000:01:00.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x00000000-0x000fffff 64bit pref]
+<6>[    0.860308] pci 0000:01:00.0: reg 0x18: [mem 0x00000000-0x00003fff 64bit pref]
+<6>[    0.867491] pci 0000:01:00.0: reg 0x20: [mem 0x00000000-0x00000fff 64bit pref]
+<6>[    0.874765] pci 0000:01:00.0: supports D1 D2
+<6>[    0.878963] pci 0000:01:00.0: PME# supported from D0 D1 D2 D3hot D3cold
+<6>[    0.885579] pci 0000:01:00.0: 2.000 Gb/s available PCIe bandwidth, limited by 2.5 GT/s PCIe x1 link at 0000:00:00.0 (capable of 4.000 Gb/s with 5.0 GT/s PCIe x1 link)
+<6>[    0.900515] pci 0000:00:00.0: ASPM: current common clock configuration is inconsistent, reconfiguring
+<6>[    0.922057] pci 0000:00:00.0: PCI bridge to [bus 01-ff]
+<6>[    0.927222] pci 0000:00:00.0:   bridge window [io  0x0000-0x0fff]
+<6>[    0.933266] pci 0000:00:00.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60000000-0x600fffff]
+<6>[    0.940002] pci 0000:00:00.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60100000-0x602fffff pref]
+<6>[    0.947179] pci_bus 0000:01: busn_res: [bus 01-ff] end is updated to 01
+<6>[    0.953911] pci 0000:02:00.0: [14c3:7915] type 00 class 0x000280
+<6>[    0.959871] pci 0000:02:00.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x00000000-0x000fffff 64bit pref]
+<6>[    0.967032] pci 0000:02:00.0: reg 0x18: [mem 0x00000000-0x00003fff 64bit pref]
+<6>[    0.974204] pci 0000:02:00.0: reg 0x20: [mem 0x00000000-0x00000fff 64bit pref]
+<6>[    0.981494] pci 0000:02:00.0: supports D1 D2
+<6>[    0.985692] pci 0000:02:00.0: PME# supported from D0 D1 D2 D3hot D3cold
+<6>[    0.992301] pci 0000:02:00.0: 2.000 Gb/s available PCIe bandwidth, limited by 2.5 GT/s PCIe x1 link at 0000:00:01.0 (capable of 4.000 Gb/s with 5.0 GT/s PCIe x1 link)
+<6>[    1.007240] pci 0000:00:01.0: ASPM: current common clock configuration is inconsistent, reconfiguring
+<6>[    1.026047] pci 0000:00:01.0: PCI bridge to [bus 02-ff]
+<6>[    1.031209] pci 0000:00:01.0:   bridge window [io  0x0000-0x0fff]
+<6>[    1.037254] pci 0000:00:01.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60300000-0x603fffff]
+<6>[    1.043989] pci 0000:00:01.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60400000-0x605fffff pref]
+<6>[    1.051164] pci_bus 0000:02: busn_res: [bus 02-ff] end is updated to 02
+<6>[    1.057780] pci 0000:00:00.0: BAR 0: no space for [mem size 0x80000000]
+<6>[    1.064319] pci 0000:00:00.0: BAR 0: failed to assign [mem size 0x80000000]
+<6>[    1.071234] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 0: no space for [mem size 0x80000000]
+<6>[    1.077796] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 0: failed to assign [mem size 0x80000000]
+<6>[    1.084709] pci 0000:00:00.0: BAR 8: assigned [mem 0x60000000-0x600fffff]
+<6>[    1.091459] pci 0000:00:00.0: BAR 9: assigned [mem 0x60100000-0x602fffff pref]
+<6>[    1.098629] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 8: assigned [mem 0x60300000-0x603fffff]
+<6>[    1.105363] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 9: assigned [mem 0x60400000-0x605fffff pref]
+<6>[    1.112529] pci 0000:00:00.0: BAR 1: assigned [mem 0x60600000-0x6060ffff]
+<6>[    1.119276] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 1: assigned [mem 0x60610000-0x6061ffff]
+<6>[    1.126014] pci 0000:00:00.0: BAR 7: assigned [io  0x0000-0x0fff]
+<6>[    1.132055] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 7: assigned [io  0x1000-0x1fff]
+<6>[    1.138119] pci 0000:01:00.0: BAR 0: assigned [mem 0x60100000-0x601fffff 64bit pref]
+<6>[    1.145810] pci 0000:01:00.0: BAR 2: assigned [mem 0x60200000-0x60203fff 64bit pref]
+<6>[    1.153506] pci 0000:01:00.0: BAR 4: assigned [mem 0x60204000-0x60204fff 64bit pref]
+<6>[    1.161188] pci 0000:00:00.0: PCI bridge to [bus 01]
+<6>[    1.166096] pci 0000:00:00.0:   bridge window [io  0x0000-0x0fff]
+<6>[    1.172144] pci 0000:00:00.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60000000-0x600fffff]
+<6>[    1.178887] pci 0000:00:00.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60100000-0x602fffff pref]
+<6>[    1.186066] pci 0000:02:00.0: BAR 0: assigned [mem 0x60400000-0x604fffff 64bit pref]
+<6>[    1.193762] pci 0000:02:00.0: BAR 2: assigned [mem 0x60500000-0x60503fff 64bit pref]
+<6>[    1.201457] pci 0000:02:00.0: BAR 4: assigned [mem 0x60504000-0x60504fff 64bit pref]
+<6>[    1.209139] pci 0000:00:01.0: PCI bridge to [bus 02]
+<6>[    1.214053] pci 0000:00:01.0:   bridge window [io  0x1000-0x1fff]
+<6>[    1.220095] pci 0000:00:01.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60300000-0x603fffff]
+<6>[    1.226838] pci 0000:00:01.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60400000-0x605fffff pref]
+<6>[    1.293553] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 3 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
+<6>[    1.301659] printk: console [ttyS0] disabled
+<6>[    1.305989] 1e000c00.uartlite: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x1e000c00 (irq = 15, base_baud = 3125000) is a 16550A
+<6>[    1.315005] printk: console [ttyS0] enabled
+<6>[    1.323276] printk: bootconsole [early0] disabled
+<6>[    1.334191] nand: device found, Manufacturer ID: 0xc2, Chip ID: 0xf1
+<6>[    1.340589] nand: Macronix MX30LF1G28AD
+<6>[    1.344427] nand: 128 MiB, SLC, erase size: 128 KiB, page size: 2048, OOB size: 128
+<6>[    1.352085] mt7621-nand 1e003000.nand: ECC strength adjusted to 12 bits
+<6>[    1.361726] Signature found at block 1023 [0x07fe0000]
+<6>[    1.366867] NMBM management region starts at block 960 [0x07800000]
+<6>[    1.378961] First info table with writecount 23 found in block 960
+<6>[    1.402451] Second info table with writecount 23 found in block 963
+<6>[    1.408777] NMBM has been successfully attached
+<5>[    1.413459] 10 fixed-partitions partitions found on MTD device mt7621-nand
+<5>[    1.420736] Creating 10 MTD partitions on "mt7621-nand":
+<5>[    1.426060] 0x000000000000-0x000000080000 : "u-boot"
+<5>[    1.439414] 0x000000080000-0x000000100000 : "u-boot-env"
+<5>[    1.453035] 0x000000100000-0x000000180000 : "factory"
+<5>[    1.466309] 0x000000180000-0x000002980000 : "firmware_a"
+<5>[    2.085213] 2 fixed-partitions partitions found on MTD device firmware_a
+<5>[    2.091937] Creating 2 MTD partitions on "firmware_a":
+<5>[    2.097081] 0x000000000000-0x000000800000 : "kernel_a"
+<5>[    2.225386] 0x000000800000-0x000002800000 : "ubi_a"
+<5>[    2.721495] 0x000002980000-0x000005180000 : "firmware_b"
+<5>[    3.340246] 2 fixed-partitions partitions found on MTD device firmware_b
+<5>[    3.346968] Creating 2 MTD partitions on "firmware_b":
+<5>[    3.352107] 0x000000000000-0x000000800000 : "kernel_b"
+<5>[    3.480263] 0x000000800000-0x000002800000 : "ubi_b"
+<5>[    3.975666] 0x000005180000-0x000006580000 : "rootfs_data"
+<5>[    4.287830] 0x000006580000-0x000007280000 : "logs"
+<5>[    4.492219] 0x000007280000-0x000007700000 : "vendor-myzyxel"
+<5>[    4.567305] 0x000007700000-0x000007780000 : "bootconfig"
+<5>[    4.580784] 0x000007780000-0x000007800000 : "mrd"
+<6>[    4.728861] mt7530-mdio mdio-bus:1f: MT7530 adapts as multi-chip module
+<6>[    4.739452] mtk_soc_eth 1e100000.ethernet eth0: mediatek frame engine at 0xbe100000, irq 17
+<6>[    4.749780] NET: Registered PF_INET6 protocol family
+<6>[    4.756356] Segment Routing with IPv6
+<6>[    4.760155] In-situ OAM (IOAM) with IPv6
+<6>[    4.764191] sit: IPv6, IPv4 and MPLS over IPv4 tunneling driver
+<6>[    4.770812] NET: Registered PF_PACKET protocol family
+<6>[    4.776330] 8021q: 802.1Q VLAN Support v1.8
+<5>[    4.781230] Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates
+<5>[    4.797729] Loaded X.509 cert 'Build time autogenerated kernel key: 3cb1578c6bb232a0582cf98f15a4972f913c1af3'
+<3>[    4.807668] Problem parsing in-kernel X.509 certificate list
+<5>[    4.817397] Key type encrypted registered
+<6>[    4.824007] mt7530-mdio mdio-bus:1f: MT7530 adapts as multi-chip module
+<6>[    4.846395] mt7530-mdio mdio-bus:1f: configuring for fixed/rgmii link mode
+<6>[    4.854154] mt7530-mdio mdio-bus:1f: Link is Up - 1Gbps/Full - flow control rx/tx
+<6>[    4.859149] mt7530-mdio mdio-bus:1f lan (uninitialized): PHY [mt7530-0:04] driver [MediaTek MT7530 PHY] (irq=19)
+<6>[    4.873461] DSA: tree 0 setup
+<5>[    4.876884] ubi0: attaching mtd5
+<5>[    5.863729] ubi0: scanning is finished
+<5>[    5.890726] ubi0: attached mtd5 (name "ubi_a", size 32 MiB)
+<5>[    5.896336] ubi0: PEB size: 131072 bytes (128 KiB), LEB size: 126976 bytes
+<5>[    5.903205] ubi0: min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048/2048, sub-page size 2048
+<5>[    5.909985] ubi0: VID header offset: 2048 (aligned 2048), data offset: 4096
+<5>[    5.916945] ubi0: good PEBs: 256, bad PEBs: 0, corrupted PEBs: 0
+<5>[    5.922942] ubi0: user volume: 1, internal volumes: 1, max. volumes count: 128
+<5>[    5.930154] ubi0: max/mean erase counter: 126998/126988, WL threshold: 4096, image sequence number: 315532800
+<5>[    5.940050] ubi0: available PEBs: 0, total reserved PEBs: 256, PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: 19
+<5>[    5.949276] ubi0: background thread "ubi_bgt0d" started, PID 68
+<5>[    5.953015] ubi1: attaching mtd8
+<5>[    6.941903] ubi1: scanning is finished
+<5>[    6.968852] ubi1: attached mtd8 (name "ubi_b", size 32 MiB)
+<5>[    6.974477] ubi1: PEB size: 131072 bytes (128 KiB), LEB size: 126976 bytes
+<5>[    6.981349] ubi1: min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048/2048, sub-page size 2048
+<5>[    6.988131] ubi1: VID header offset: 2048 (aligned 2048), data offset: 4096
+<5>[    6.995089] ubi1: good PEBs: 256, bad PEBs: 0, corrupted PEBs: 0
+<5>[    7.001103] ubi1: user volume: 1, internal volumes: 1, max. volumes count: 128
+<5>[    7.008317] ubi1: max/mean erase counter: 126977/126976, WL threshold: 4096, image sequence number: 315532800
+<5>[    7.018222] ubi1: available PEBs: 0, total reserved PEBs: 256, PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: 19
+<5>[    7.027455] ubi1: background thread "ubi_bgt1d" started, PID 69
+<6>[    7.038626] Freeing unused kernel image (initmem) memory: 1260K
+<4>[    7.044612] This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.
+<6>[    7.051070] Run /init as init process
+<7>[    7.054740]   with arguments:
+<7>[    7.057711]     /init
+<7>[    7.059974]   with environment:
+<7>[    7.063118]     HOME=/
+<7>[    7.065486]     TERM=linux
+<7>[    7.068180]     rootalt=ubi1:rootfs
+<5>[    7.075382] UBIFS (ubi0:0): Mounting in unauthenticated mode
+<5>[    7.082662] UBIFS (ubi0:0): background thread "ubifs_bgt0_0" started, PID 70
+<5>[    7.204958] UBIFS (ubi0:0): recovery needed
+<5>[    7.601923] UBIFS (ubi0:0): recovery completed
+<5>[    7.606622] UBIFS (ubi0:0): UBIFS: mounted UBI device 0, volume 0, name "rootfs"
+<5>[    7.614056] UBIFS (ubi0:0): LEB size: 126976 bytes (124 KiB), min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048 bytes/2048 bytes
+<5>[    7.623958] UBIFS (ubi0:0): FS size: 28315648 bytes (27 MiB, 223 LEBs), max 256 LEBs, journal size 4444160 bytes (4 MiB, 35 LEBs)
+<5>[    7.635596] UBIFS (ubi0:0): reserved for root: 0 bytes (0 KiB)
+<5>[    7.641430] UBIFS (ubi0:0): media format: w4/r0 (latest is w5/r0), UUID A68EAB38-9D1E-4184-AEFB-63A0740A6A2D, small LPT model
+<4>[    9.842286] compat: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel.
+<5>[    9.857452] compat: module verification failed: signature and/or required key missing - tainting kernel
+<6>[    9.967488] Loading modules backported from Linux version e2c1a934fd8
+<6>[    9.974025] Backport generated by backports.git dfe0f60ca8a
+<5>[   11.676238] random: chronyd: uninitialized urandom read (1027 bytes read)
+<6>[   11.685221] mtk_soc_eth 1e100000.ethernet eth0: configuring for fixed/rgmii link mode
+<6>[   11.695046] mtk_soc_eth 1e100000.ethernet eth0: Link is Up - 1Gbps/Full - flow control rx/tx
+<6>[   11.723238] mt7530-mdio mdio-bus:1f lan: configuring for phy/gmii link mode
+<6>[   11.747231] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready
+<6>[   12.360030] int: port 1(lan) entered blocking state
+<6>[   12.364996] int: port 1(lan) entered disabled state
+<6>[   12.371531] device lan entered promiscuous mode
+<6>[   12.376119] device eth0 entered promiscuous mode
+<6>[   12.509793] pci 0000:00:00.0: enabling device (0006 -> 0007)
+<6>[   12.515560] mt7915e_hif 0000:01:00.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0002)
+<6>[   12.522443] pci 0000:00:01.0: enabling device (0006 -> 0007)
+<6>[   12.528197] mt7915e 0000:02:00.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0002)
+<6>[   12.630121] mt7915e 0000:02:00.0: HW/SW Version: 0x8a108a10, Build Time: 20220929104113a
+<6>[   12.630121] 
+<6>[   13.117498] mt7915e 0000:02:00.0: WM Firmware Version: ____000000, Build Time: 20220929104145
+<6>[   13.225464] mt7915e 0000:02:00.0: WA Firmware Version: DEV_000000, Build Time: 20220929104205
+<6>[   14.924294] mt7530-mdio mdio-bus:1f lan: Link is Up - 1Gbps/Full - flow control off
+<5>[   15.854162] random: crng init done
+<6>[   18.497431] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): lan: link becomes ready
+<6>[   18.503953] int: port 1(lan) entered blocking state
+<6>[   18.508961] int: port 1(lan) entered forwarding state
+<6>[   18.520882] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): int: link becomes ready
+<6>[   19.726486] int: port 2(wlan0) entered blocking state
+<6>[   19.731712] int: port 2(wlan0) entered disabled state
+<6>[   19.737934] device wlan0 entered promiscuous mode
+<6>[   19.750519] int: port 3(wlan1) entered blocking state
+<6>[   19.755784] int: port 3(wlan1) entered disabled state
+<6>[   19.762121] device wlan1 entered promiscuous mode
+<6>[   19.860627] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlan1: link becomes ready
+<6>[   19.867243] int: port 3(wlan1) entered blocking state
+<6>[   19.872311] int: port 3(wlan1) entered forwarding state
+<6>[   21.167370] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlan0: link becomes ready
+<6>[   21.174100] int: port 2(wlan0) entered blocking state
+<6>[   21.179211] int: port 2(wlan0) entered forwarding state
+<6>[319860.057754] mt7530-mdio mdio-bus:1f lan: Link is Down
+<6>[319860.071078] int: port 1(lan) entered disabled state
+<6>[332932.024408] mt7530-mdio mdio-bus:1f lan: Link is Up - 1Gbps/Full - flow control off
+<6>[332932.032293] int: port 1(lan) entered blocking state
+<6>[332932.037277] int: port 1(lan) entered forwarding state
+<6>[658890.171767] mt7530-mdio mdio-bus:1f lan: Link is Down
+<6>[658890.177373] int: port 1(lan) entered disabled state
+<6>[751678.748021] mt7530-mdio mdio-bus:1f lan: Link is Up - 1Gbps/Full - flow control off
+<6>[751678.755994] int: port 1(lan) entered blocking state
+<6>[751678.760989] int: port 1(lan) entered forwarding state
--- a/pkgs/limiswitch/src/tests/mounted-disk-state.log
+++ b/pkgs/limiswitch/src/tests/mounted-disk-state.log
@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Filesystem           1024-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
+ubi0:rootfs              24884     20216      4668  81% /persist
+ubi0:rootfs              24884     20216      4668  81% /nix
+dev                     124828         0    124828   0% /dev
+tmpfs                   125460      1452    124008   1% /run
+none                    125460         0    125460   0% /tmp
--- a/pkgs/limiswitch/src/tests/mtd-partitions.log
+++ b/pkgs/limiswitch/src/tests/mtd-partitions.log
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+dev:    size   erasesize  name
+mtd0: 00080000 00020000 "u-boot"
+mtd1: 00080000 00020000 "u-boot-env"
+mtd2: 00080000 00020000 "factory"
+mtd3: 02800000 00020000 "firmware_a"
+mtd4: 00800000 00020000 "kernel_a"
+mtd5: 02000000 00020000 "ubi_a"
+mtd6: 02800000 00020000 "firmware_b"
+mtd7: 00800000 00020000 "kernel_b"
+mtd8: 02000000 00020000 "ubi_b"
+mtd9: 01400000 00020000 "rootfs_data"
+mtd10: 00d00000 00020000 "logs"
+mtd11: 00480000 00020000 "vendor-myzyxel"
+mtd12: 00080000 00020000 "bootconfig"
+mtd13: 00080000 00020000 "mrd"
--- a/pkgs/limiswitch/src/tests/shell-prompt-log
+++ b/pkgs/limiswitch/src/tests/shell-prompt-log
@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+U-Boot SPL 2018.09 (Jan 22 2021 - 07:42:43 +0000)
+Trying to boot from NAND
+
+Initializing NMBM ...
+Signature found at block 1023 [0x07fe0000]
+First info table with writecount 23 found in block 960
+Second info table with writecount 23 found in block 963
+NMBM has been successfully attached
+
+
+U-Boot 2018.09 (Jan 22 2021 - 07:42:43 +0000)
+
+CPU:   MediaTek MT7621AT ver 1, eco 3
+Clocks: CPU: 880MHz, DDR: 600MHz (1200MT/s), Bus: 220MHz, XTAL: 40MHz
+Model: MediaTek MT7621 reference board (NAND)
+DRAM:  256 MiB
+NAND:  128 MiB
+
+Initializing NMBM ...
+Signature found at block 1023 [0x07fe0000]
+First info table with writecount 23 found in block 960
+Second info table with writecount 23 found in block 963
+NMBM has been successfully attached
+
+Loading Environment from NMBM... *** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
+
+In:    uartlite0@1e000c00
+Out:   uartlite0@1e000c00
+Err:   uartlite0@1e000c00
+Net:   
+Warning: eth@1e100000 (eth0) using random MAC address - fa:26:d7:78:e2:6c
+eth0: eth@1e100000
+Reading from 0x7700000, size 0x20000
+Succeeded
+Zyxel version:V1.03
+gpio: pin 6 (gpio 6) value is 1
+gpio: pin 24 (gpio 24) value is 0
+gpio: pin 24 (gpio 24) value is 1
+Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0 
+Loading FIT image at offset 0x180000 to memory 0x83000000, size 0x2c4098 ...
+Automatic boot of image at addr 0x83000000 ...
+## Loading kernel from FIT Image at 83000000 ...
+   Using 'conf-1' configuration
+   Trying 'kernel' kernel subimage
+     Description:  Vanilla Linux kernel
+     Type:         Kernel Image
+     Compression:  lzma compressed
+     Data Start:   0x83000110
+     Data Size:    2886231 Bytes = 2.8 MiB
+     Architecture: MIPS
+     OS:           Linux
+     Load Address: 0x80001000
+     Entry Point:  0x80001000
+     Hash algo:    crc32
+     Hash value:   2b3aa711
+     Hash algo:    sha1
+     Hash value:   c6601a1909011f95acfbfaed2c6c2b4f6703a98a
+   Verifying Hash Integrity ... crc32+ sha1+ OK
+## Loading fdt from FIT Image at 83000000 ...
+   Using 'conf-1' configuration
+   Trying 'fdt-1' fdt subimage
+     Description:  Flattened Device Tree blob
+     Type:         Flat Device Tree
+     Compression:  uncompressed
+     Data Start:   0x832c0c94
+     Data Size:    12011 Bytes = 11.7 KiB
+     Architecture: MIPS
+     Hash algo:    crc32
+     Hash value:   e712ab77
+     Hash algo:    sha1
+     Hash value:   705532a8d74d5d6921aada1572531caf385c4aaf
+   Verifying Hash Integrity ... crc32+ sha1+ OK
+   Booting using the fdt blob at 0x832c0c94
+   Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
+   Loading Device Tree to 8fe67000, end 8fe6ceea ... OK
+[    0.000000] Linux version 5.15.137 (nixbld@liminix.builder) (mipsel-unknown-linux-musl-gcc (GCC) 13.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.42) #1 SMP Mon Aug 26 18:09:43 UTC 2024
+[    0.000000] SoC Type: MediaTek MT7621 ver:1 eco:3
+[    0.000000] printk: bootconsole [early0] enabled
+[    0.000000] CPU0 revision is: 0001992f (MIPS 1004Kc)
+[    0.000000] MIPS: machine is ZyXEL NWA50AX
+[    0.000000] Initrd not found or empty - disabling initrd
+[    0.000000] Detected 1 available secondary CPU(s)
+[    0.000000] Primary instruction cache 32kB, VIPT, 4-way, linesize 32 bytes.
+[    0.000000] Primary data cache 32kB, 4-way, PIPT, no aliases, linesize 32 bytes
+[    0.000000] MIPS secondary cache 256kB, 8-way, linesize 32 bytes.
+[    0.000000] Zone ranges:
+[    0.000000]   Normal   [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000fffffff]
+[    0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
+[    0.000000] Early memory node ranges
+[    0.000000]   node   0: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000fffffff]
+[    0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000fffffff]
+[    0.000000] percpu: Embedded 10 pages/cpu s11184 r8192 d21584 u40960
+[    0.000000] pcpu-alloc: s11184 r8192 d21584 u40960 alloc=10*4096
+[    0.000000] pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 [0] 1 
+[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 65024
+[    0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,115200 panic=10 oops=panic init=/bin/init loglevel=8 root=ubi0:rootfs rootfstype=ubifs fw_devlink=off ubi.mtd=ubi_a ubi.mtd=ubi_b rootalt=ubi1:rootfs
+[    0.000000] Unknown kernel command line parameters "rootalt=ubi1:rootfs", will be passed to user space.
+[    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)
+[    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
+[    0.000000] Writing ErrCtl register=000307c0
+[    0.000000] Readback ErrCtl register=000307c0
+[    0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:all(zero), heap alloc:off, heap free:off
+[    0.000000] Memory: 249660K/262144K available (6690K kernel code, 620K rwdata, 1272K rodata, 1260K init, 215K bss, 12484K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
+[    0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=2, Nodes=1
+[    0.000000] rcu: Hierarchical RCU implementation.
+[    0.000000] rcu: 	RCU event tracing is enabled.
+[    0.000000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 25 jiffies.
+[    0.000000] NR_IRQS: 256
+[    0.000000] clocksource: GIC: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0xcaf478abb4, max_idle_ns: 440795247997 ns
+[    0.000003] sched_clock: 64 bits at 880MHz, resolution 1ns, wraps every 4398046511103ns
+[    0.008219] Console: colour dummy device 80x25
+[    0.012632] Calibrating delay loop... 583.68 BogoMIPS (lpj=1167360)
+[    0.046815] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
+[    0.051584] Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
+[    0.058814] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
+[    0.068781] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
+[    0.074119] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
+[    0.079356] Primary instruction cache 32kB, VIPT, 4-way, linesize 32 bytes.
+[    0.079377] Primary data cache 32kB, 4-way, PIPT, no aliases, linesize 32 bytes
+[    0.079391] MIPS secondary cache 256kB, 8-way, linesize 32 bytes.
+[    0.079436] CPU1 revision is: 0001992f (MIPS 1004Kc)
+[    0.106818] Synchronize counters for CPU 1: done.
+[    0.137420] smp: Brought up 1 node, 2 CPUs
+[    0.142178] devtmpfs: initialized
+[    0.149145] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 7645041785100000 ns
+[    0.158853] futex hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
+[    0.165690] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
+[    0.172367] NET: Registered PF_NETLINK/PF_ROUTE protocol family
+[    0.195333] FPU Affinity set after 4688 emulations
+[    0.210943] vgaarb: loaded
+[    0.213836] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered
+[    0.218720] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+[    0.227854] PTP clock support registered
+[    0.232998] clocksource: Switched to clocksource GIC
+[    0.247935] NET: Registered PF_INET protocol family
+[    0.253125] IP idents hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes, linear)
+[    0.261130] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 6144 bytes, linear)
+[    0.269459] Table-perturb hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear)
+[    0.277129] TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
+[    0.284755] TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
+[    0.291853] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)
+[    0.298251] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
+[    0.304746] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
+[    0.311881] NET: Registered PF_UNIX/PF_LOCAL protocol family
+[    0.317505] PCI: CLS 0 bytes, default 32
+[    0.322026] Initialise system trusted keyrings
+[    0.327035] workingset: timestamp_bits=30 max_order=16 bucket_order=0
+[    0.338742] squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
+[    0.344665] NET: Registered PF_ALG protocol family
+[    0.349399] Key type asymmetric registered
+[    0.353449] Asymmetric key parser 'x509' registered
+[    0.358358] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
+[    0.362815] io scheduler kyber registered
+[    0.368221] mt7621_gpio 1e000600.gpio: registering 32 gpios
+[    0.374020] mt7621_gpio 1e000600.gpio: registering 32 gpios
+[    0.379793] mt7621_gpio 1e000600.gpio: registering 32 gpios
+[    0.385647] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie: host bridge /pcie@1e140000 ranges:
+[    0.392289] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie:   No bus range found for /pcie@1e140000, using [bus 00-ff]
+[    0.401045] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie:      MEM 0x0060000000..0x006fffffff -> 0x0060000000
+[    0.409152] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie:       IO 0x001e160000..0x001e16ffff -> 0x0000000000
+[    0.740955] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie: pcie2 no card, disable it (RST & CLK)
+[    0.747846] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie: PCIE0 enabled
+[    0.752677] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie: PCIE1 enabled
+[    0.757536] PCI coherence region base: 0x60000000, mask/settings: 0xf0000002
+[    0.764608] mt7621-pci 1e140000.pcie: PCI host bridge to bus 0000:00
+[    0.770889] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [bus 00-ff]
+[    0.776322] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x60000000-0x6fffffff]
+[    0.783158] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io  0x0000-0xffff]
+[    0.789335] pci 0000:00:00.0: [0e8d:0801] type 01 class 0x060400
+[    0.795284] pci 0000:00:00.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x00000000-0x7fffffff]
+[    0.801502] pci 0000:00:00.0: reg 0x14: [mem 0x60600000-0x6060ffff]
+[    0.807783] pci 0000:00:00.0: supports D1
+[    0.811723] pci 0000:00:00.0: PME# supported from D0 D1 D3hot
+[    0.817741] pci 0000:00:01.0: [0e8d:0801] type 01 class 0x060400
+[    0.823690] pci 0000:00:01.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x00000000-0x7fffffff]
+[    0.829903] pci 0000:00:01.0: reg 0x14: [mem 0x60610000-0x6061ffff]
+[    0.836181] pci 0000:00:01.0: supports D1
+[    0.840120] pci 0000:00:01.0: PME# supported from D0 D1 D3hot
+[    0.847184] pci 0000:01:00.0: [14c3:7916] type 00 class 0x000280
+[    0.853152] pci 0000:01:00.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x00000000-0x000fffff 64bit pref]
+[    0.860309] pci 0000:01:00.0: reg 0x18: [mem 0x00000000-0x00003fff 64bit pref]
+[    0.867491] pci 0000:01:00.0: reg 0x20: [mem 0x00000000-0x00000fff 64bit pref]
+[    0.874765] pci 0000:01:00.0: supports D1 D2
+[    0.878963] pci 0000:01:00.0: PME# supported from D0 D1 D2 D3hot D3cold
+[    0.885578] pci 0000:01:00.0: 2.000 Gb/s available PCIe bandwidth, limited by 2.5 GT/s PCIe x1 link at 0000:00:00.0 (capable of 4.000 Gb/s with 5.0 GT/s PCIe x1 link)
+[    0.900515] pci 0000:00:00.0: ASPM: current common clock configuration is inconsistent, reconfiguring
+[    0.922059] pci 0000:00:00.0: PCI bridge to [bus 01-ff]
+[    0.927224] pci 0000:00:00.0:   bridge window [io  0x0000-0x0fff]
+[    0.933267] pci 0000:00:00.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60000000-0x600fffff]
+[    0.940003] pci 0000:00:00.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60100000-0x602fffff pref]
+[    0.947180] pci_bus 0000:01: busn_res: [bus 01-ff] end is updated to 01
+[    0.953911] pci 0000:02:00.0: [14c3:7915] type 00 class 0x000280
+[    0.959872] pci 0000:02:00.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x00000000-0x000fffff 64bit pref]
+[    0.967034] pci 0000:02:00.0: reg 0x18: [mem 0x00000000-0x00003fff 64bit pref]
+[    0.974205] pci 0000:02:00.0: reg 0x20: [mem 0x00000000-0x00000fff 64bit pref]
+[    0.981495] pci 0000:02:00.0: supports D1 D2
+[    0.985693] pci 0000:02:00.0: PME# supported from D0 D1 D2 D3hot D3cold
+[    0.992302] pci 0000:02:00.0: 2.000 Gb/s available PCIe bandwidth, limited by 2.5 GT/s PCIe x1 link at 0000:00:01.0 (capable of 4.000 Gb/s with 5.0 GT/s PCIe x1 link)
+[    1.007243] pci 0000:00:01.0: ASPM: current common clock configuration is inconsistent, reconfiguring
+[    1.026050] pci 0000:00:01.0: PCI bridge to [bus 02-ff]
+[    1.031213] pci 0000:00:01.0:   bridge window [io  0x0000-0x0fff]
+[    1.037258] pci 0000:00:01.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60300000-0x603fffff]
+[    1.043993] pci 0000:00:01.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60400000-0x605fffff pref]
+[    1.051168] pci_bus 0000:02: busn_res: [bus 02-ff] end is updated to 02
+[    1.057783] pci 0000:00:00.0: BAR 0: no space for [mem size 0x80000000]
+[    1.064323] pci 0000:00:00.0: BAR 0: failed to assign [mem size 0x80000000]
+[    1.071237] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 0: no space for [mem size 0x80000000]
+[    1.077800] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 0: failed to assign [mem size 0x80000000]
+[    1.084712] pci 0000:00:00.0: BAR 8: assigned [mem 0x60000000-0x600fffff]
+[    1.091462] pci 0000:00:00.0: BAR 9: assigned [mem 0x60100000-0x602fffff pref]
+[    1.098632] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 8: assigned [mem 0x60300000-0x603fffff]
+[    1.105366] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 9: assigned [mem 0x60400000-0x605fffff pref]
+[    1.112532] pci 0000:00:00.0: BAR 1: assigned [mem 0x60600000-0x6060ffff]
+[    1.119279] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 1: assigned [mem 0x60610000-0x6061ffff]
+[    1.126017] pci 0000:00:00.0: BAR 7: assigned [io  0x0000-0x0fff]
+[    1.132058] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 7: assigned [io  0x1000-0x1fff]
+[    1.138123] pci 0000:01:00.0: BAR 0: assigned [mem 0x60100000-0x601fffff 64bit pref]
+[    1.145814] pci 0000:01:00.0: BAR 2: assigned [mem 0x60200000-0x60203fff 64bit pref]
+[    1.153509] pci 0000:01:00.0: BAR 4: assigned [mem 0x60204000-0x60204fff 64bit pref]
+[    1.161191] pci 0000:00:00.0: PCI bridge to [bus 01]
+[    1.166100] pci 0000:00:00.0:   bridge window [io  0x0000-0x0fff]
+[    1.172148] pci 0000:00:00.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60000000-0x600fffff]
+[    1.178890] pci 0000:00:00.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60100000-0x602fffff pref]
+[    1.186069] pci 0000:02:00.0: BAR 0: assigned [mem 0x60400000-0x604fffff 64bit pref]
+[    1.193765] pci 0000:02:00.0: BAR 2: assigned [mem 0x60500000-0x60503fff 64bit pref]
+[    1.201460] pci 0000:02:00.0: BAR 4: assigned [mem 0x60504000-0x60504fff 64bit pref]
+[    1.209142] pci 0000:00:01.0: PCI bridge to [bus 02]
+[    1.214057] pci 0000:00:01.0:   bridge window [io  0x1000-0x1fff]
+[    1.220099] pci 0000:00:01.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60300000-0x603fffff]
+[    1.226842] pci 0000:00:01.0:   bridge window [mem 0x60400000-0x605fffff pref]
+[    1.293542] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 3 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
+[    1.301644] printk: console [ttyS0] disabled
+[    1.305976] 1e000c00.uartlite: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x1e000c00 (irq = 15, base_baud = 3125000) is a 16550A
+[    1.314993] printk: console [ttyS0] enabled
+[    1.314993] printk: console [ttyS0] enabled
+[    1.323262] printk: bootconsole [early0] disabled
+[    1.323262] printk: bootconsole [early0] disabled
+[    1.334173] nand: device found, Manufacturer ID: 0xc2, Chip ID: 0xf1
+[    1.340567] nand: Macronix MX30LF1G28AD
+[    1.344406] nand: 128 MiB, SLC, erase size: 128 KiB, page size: 2048, OOB size: 128
+[    1.352063] mt7621-nand 1e003000.nand: ECC strength adjusted to 12 bits
+[    1.361705] Signature found at block 1023 [0x07fe0000]
+[    1.366845] NMBM management region starts at block 960 [0x07800000]
+[    1.378939] First info table with writecount 23 found in block 960
+[    1.402434] Second info table with writecount 23 found in block 963
+[    1.408759] NMBM has been successfully attached
+[    1.413442] 10 fixed-partitions partitions found on MTD device mt7621-nand
+[    1.420708] Creating 10 MTD partitions on "mt7621-nand":
+[    1.426033] 0x000000000000-0x000000080000 : "u-boot"
+[    1.439393] 0x000000080000-0x000000100000 : "u-boot-env"
+[    1.453018] 0x000000100000-0x000000180000 : "factory"
+[    1.466290] 0x000000180000-0x000002980000 : "firmware_a"
+[    2.085192] 2 fixed-partitions partitions found on MTD device firmware_a
+[    2.091913] Creating 2 MTD partitions on "firmware_a":
+[    2.097057] 0x000000000000-0x000000800000 : "kernel_a"
+[    2.225364] 0x000000800000-0x000002800000 : "ubi_a"
+[    2.721502] 0x000002980000-0x000005180000 : "firmware_b"
+[    3.340201] 2 fixed-partitions partitions found on MTD device firmware_b
+[    3.346925] Creating 2 MTD partitions on "firmware_b":
+[    3.352064] 0x000000000000-0x000000800000 : "kernel_b"
+[    3.480209] 0x000000800000-0x000002800000 : "ubi_b"
+[    3.975604] 0x000005180000-0x000006580000 : "rootfs_data"
+[    4.287770] 0x000006580000-0x000007280000 : "logs"
+[    4.492133] 0x000007280000-0x000007700000 : "vendor-myzyxel"
+[    4.567214] 0x000007700000-0x000007780000 : "bootconfig"
+[    4.580694] 0x000007780000-0x000007800000 : "mrd"
+[    4.728864] mt7530-mdio mdio-bus:1f: MT7530 adapts as multi-chip module
+[    4.739458] mtk_soc_eth 1e100000.ethernet eth0: mediatek frame engine at 0xbe100000, irq 17
+[    4.749784] NET: Registered PF_INET6 protocol family
+[    4.756359] Segment Routing with IPv6
+[    4.760159] In-situ OAM (IOAM) with IPv6
+[    4.764195] sit: IPv6, IPv4 and MPLS over IPv4 tunneling driver
+[    4.770813] NET: Registered PF_PACKET protocol family
+[    4.776327] 8021q: 802.1Q VLAN Support v1.8
+[    4.781226] Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates
+[    4.797717] Loaded X.509 cert 'Build time autogenerated kernel key: 3cb1578c6bb232a0582cf98f15a4972f913c1af3'
+[    4.807657] Problem parsing in-kernel X.509 certificate list
+[    4.817384] Key type encrypted registered
+[    4.823997] mt7530-mdio mdio-bus:1f: MT7530 adapts as multi-chip module
+[    4.846401] mt7530-mdio mdio-bus:1f: configuring for fixed/rgmii link mode
+[    4.854160] mt7530-mdio mdio-bus:1f: Link is Up - 1Gbps/Full - flow control rx/tx
+[    4.859153] mt7530-mdio mdio-bus:1f lan (uninitialized): PHY [mt7530-0:04] driver [MediaTek MT7530 PHY] (irq=19)
+[    4.873468] DSA: tree 0 setup
+[    4.876897] ubi0: attaching mtd5
+[    5.863781] ubi0: scanning is finished
+[    5.890797] ubi0: attached mtd5 (name "ubi_a", size 32 MiB)
+[    5.896409] ubi0: PEB size: 131072 bytes (128 KiB), LEB size: 126976 bytes
+[    5.903277] ubi0: min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048/2048, sub-page size 2048
+[    5.910056] ubi0: VID header offset: 2048 (aligned 2048), data offset: 4096
+[    5.917009] ubi0: good PEBs: 256, bad PEBs: 0, corrupted PEBs: 0
+[    5.923007] ubi0: user volume: 1, internal volumes: 1, max. volumes count: 128
+[    5.930219] ubi0: max/mean erase counter: 126998/126988, WL threshold: 4096, image sequence number: 315532800
+[    5.940115] ubi0: available PEBs: 0, total reserved PEBs: 256, PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: 19
+[    5.949340] ubi0: background thread "ubi_bgt0d" started, PID 68
+[    5.953018] ubi1: attaching mtd8
+[    6.941910] ubi1: scanning is finished
+[    6.968862] ubi1: attached mtd8 (name "ubi_b", size 32 MiB)
+[    6.974487] ubi1: PEB size: 131072 bytes (128 KiB), LEB size: 126976 bytes
+[    6.981359] ubi1: min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048/2048, sub-page size 2048
+[    6.988141] ubi1: VID header offset: 2048 (aligned 2048), data offset: 4096
+[    6.995099] ubi1: good PEBs: 256, bad PEBs: 0, corrupted PEBs: 0
+[    7.001112] ubi1: user volume: 1, internal volumes: 1, max. volumes count: 128
+[    7.008326] ubi1: max/mean erase counter: 126977/126976, WL threshold: 4096, image sequence number: 315532800
+[    7.018233] ubi1: available PEBs: 0, total reserved PEBs: 256, PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: 19
+[    7.027465] ubi1: background thread "ubi_bgt1d" started, PID 69
+[    7.038616] Freeing unused kernel image (initmem) memory: 1260K
+[    7.044603] This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.
+[    7.051061] Run /init as init process
+[    7.054731]   with arguments:
+[    7.057703]     /init
+[    7.059965]   with environment:
+[    7.063110]     HOME=/
+[    7.065478]     TERM=linux
+[    7.068172]     rootalt=ubi1:rootfs
+Running pre-init...
+cmdline: "console=ttyS0,115[    7.075377] UBIFS (ubi0:0): Mounting in unauthenticated mode
+200 panic=10 oop[    7.082657] UBIFS (ubi0:0): background thread "ubifs_bgt0_0" started, PID 70
+s=panic init=/bin/init loglevel=8 root=ubi0:rootfs rootfstype=ubifs fw_devlink=off ubi.mtd=ubi_a ubi.mtd=ubi_b rootalt=ubi1:rootfs"
+rootdevice ubi0:rootfs (ubifs, altdevice=ubi1:rootfs)
+[    7.204958] UBIFS (ubi0:0): recovery needed
+[    7.598521] UBIFS (ubi0:0): recovery completed
+[    7.603217] UBIFS (ubi0:0): UBIFS: mounted UBI device 0, volume 0, name "rootfs"
+[    7.610665] UBIFS (ubi0:0): LEB size: 126976 bytes (124 KiB), min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048 bytes/2048 bytes
+[    7.620568] UBIFS (ubi0:0): FS size: 28315648 bytes (27 MiB, 223 LEBs), max 256 LEBs, journal size 4444160 bytes (4 MiB, 35 LEBs)
+[    7.632205] UBIFS (ubi0:0): reserved for root: 0 bytes (0 KiB)
+[    7.638040] UBIFS (ubi0:0): media format: w4/r0 (latest is w5/r0), UUID A68EAB38-9D1E-4184-AEFB-63A0740A6A2D, small LPT model
+
+  s6-linux-init version 1.1.2.0
+
+
+
+BusyBox v1.36.1 () built-in shell (ash)
--- a/pkgs/limiswitch/src/tests/uboot-boot-log
+++ b/pkgs/limiswitch/src/tests/uboot-boot-log
@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+U-Boot SPL 2018.09 (Jan 22 2021 - 07:42:43 +0000)
+Trying to boot from NAND
+
+Initializing NMBM ...
+Signature found at block 1023 [0x07fe0000]
+First info table with writecount 23 found in block 960
+Second info table with writecount 23 found in block 963
+NMBM has been successfully attached
+
+
+U-Boot 2018.09 (Jan 22 2021 - 07:42:43 +0000)
+
+CPU:   MediaTek MT7621AT ver 1, eco 3
+Clocks: CPU: 880MHz, DDR: 600MHz (1200MT/s), Bus: 220MHz, XTAL: 40MHz
+Model: MediaTek MT7621 reference board (NAND)
+DRAM:  256 MiB
+NAND:  128 MiB
+
+Initializing NMBM ...
+Signature found at block 1023 [0x07fe0000]
+First info table with writecount 23 found in block 960
+Second info table with writecount 23 found in block 963
+NMBM has been successfully attached
+
+Loading Environment from NMBM... *** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
+
+In:    uartlite0@1e000c00
+Out:   uartlite0@1e000c00
+Err:   uartlite0@1e000c00
+Net:   
+Warning: eth@1e100000 (eth0) using random MAC address - fa:26:d7:78:e2:6c
+eth0: eth@1e100000
+Reading from 0x7700000, size 0x20000
+Succeeded
+Zyxel version:V1.03
+gpio: pin 6 (gpio 6) value is 1
+gpio: pin 24 (gpio 24) value is 0
+gpio: pin 24 (gpio 24) value is 1
+Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0 
+Loading FIT image at offset 0x180000 to memory 0x83000000, size 0x2c4098 ...
+Automatic boot of image at addr 0x83000000 ...
+## Loading kernel from FIT Image at 83000000 ...
+   Using 'conf-1' configuration
+   Trying 'kernel' kernel subimage
+     Description:  Vanilla Linux kernel
+     Type:         Kernel Image
+     Compression:  lzma compressed
+     Data Start:   0x83000110
+     Data Size:    2886231 Bytes = 2.8 MiB
+     Architecture: MIPS
+     OS:           Linux
+     Load Address: 0x80001000
+     Entry Point:  0x80001000
+     Hash algo:    crc32
+     Hash value:   2b3aa711
+     Hash algo:    sha1
+     Hash value:   c6601a1909011f95acfbfaed2c6c2b4f6703a98a
+   Verifying Hash Integrity ... crc32+ sha1+ OK
+## Loading fdt from FIT Image at 83000000 ...
+   Using 'conf-1' configuration
+   Trying 'fdt-1' fdt subimage
+     Description:  Flattened Device Tree blob
+     Type:         Flat Device Tree
+     Compression:  uncompressed
+     Data Start:   0x832c0c94
+     Data Size:    12011 Bytes = 11.7 KiB
+     Architecture: MIPS
+     Hash algo:    crc32
+     Hash value:   e712ab77
+     Hash algo:    sha1
+     Hash value:   705532a8d74d5d6921aada1572531caf385c4aaf
+   Verifying Hash Integrity ... crc32+ sha1+ OK
+   Booting using the fdt blob at 0x832c0c94
+   Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
+   Loading Device Tree to 8fe67000, end 8fe6ceea ... OK
--- a/tests/ci.nix
+++ b/tests/ci.nix
@ -10,5 +10,4 @@
  tftpboot = import ./tftpboot/test.nix;
  updown = import ./updown/test.nix;
  inout = import ./inout/test.nix;
-  custom-shell = import ./custom-shell/test.nix;
 }
--- a/tests/custom-shell/check-prompt.expect
+++ b/tests/custom-shell/check-prompt.expect
@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-set timeout 60
-
-spawn socat unix-connect:vm/console -
-expect {
-  "root@liminix blah blah > " { exit 0 }
-  timeout { exit 1 }
-}
--- a/tests/custom-shell/configuration.nix
+++ b/tests/custom-shell/configuration.nix
@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-{ config, pkgs, lib, ... } :
-let
-  inherit (pkgs.liminix.networking) interface address hostapd route dnsmasq;
-  inherit (pkgs.liminix.services) oneshot longrun bundle target;
-in rec {
-  imports = [
-    ../../modules/network
-  ];
-
-  defaultProfile.prompt = "$(whoami)@$(hostname) blah blah > ";
-
-  defaultProfile.packages = with pkgs; [ ];
-}
--- a/tests/custom-shell/test.nix
+++ b/tests/custom-shell/test.nix
@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-{
-  liminix
-, nixpkgs
-}:
-let img = (import liminix {
-      inherit nixpkgs;
-      device = import "${liminix}/devices/qemu/";
-      liminix-config = ./configuration.nix;
-    }).outputs.default;
-    pkgs = import nixpkgs { overlays = [(import ../../overlay.nix)]; };
-in pkgs.runCommand "check" {
-  nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [
-    expect socat
-  ] ;
-} ''
-. ${../test-helpers.sh}
-
-mkdir vm
-${img}/run.sh --background ./vm
-expect ${./check-prompt.expect} |tee output && mv output $out
-''
--- a/tests/ext4/test.nix
+++ b/tests/ext4/test.nix
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ let img = (import liminix {
      device = import "${liminix}/devices/qemu/";
      liminix-config = ./configuration.nix;
    }).outputs.vmroot;
-    pkgs = import nixpkgs { overlays = [(import ../../overlay.nix)]; };
+    pkgs = import <nixpkgs> { overlays = [(import ../../overlay.nix)]; };
 in pkgs.runCommand "check" {
  nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [
    expect
--- a/tests/fennel/test.nix
+++ b/tests/fennel/test.nix
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 }:
 let
  overlay = import "${liminix}/overlay.nix";
-  pkgs = import nixpkgs { overlays = [overlay]; };
+  pkgs = import <nixpkgs> { overlays = [overlay]; };
  script = pkgs.writeFennelScript "foo" [] ./hello.fnl;
  inherit (pkgs.lua.pkgs) fifo;
  netlink = pkgs.netlink-lua;
--- a/tests/inout/test.nix
+++ b/tests/inout/test.nix
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ let img = (import liminix {
      device = import "${liminix}/devices/qemu/";
      liminix-config = ./configuration.nix;
    }).outputs.vmroot;
-    pkgs = import nixpkgs { overlays = [(import ../../overlay.nix)]; };
+    pkgs = import <nixpkgs> { overlays = [(import ../../overlay.nix)]; };
 in pkgs.runCommand "check" {
  nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [
    expect
--- a/tests/jffs2/configuration.nix
+++ b/tests/jffs2/configuration.nix
@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ in {
  imports = [
    ../../vanilla-configuration.nix
    ../../modules/squashfs.nix
+    ../../modules/outputs/jffs2.nix
  ];
  config.rootfsType = "jffs2";
  config.filesystem = dir {
--- a/tests/jffs2/test.nix
+++ b/tests/jffs2/test.nix
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ let img = (import liminix {
      device = import "${liminix}/devices/qemu/";
      liminix-config = ./configuration.nix;
    }).outputs.vmroot;
-    pkgs = import nixpkgs { overlays = [(import ../../overlay.nix)]; };
+    pkgs = import <nixpkgs> { overlays = [(import ../../overlay.nix)]; };
 in pkgs.runCommand "check" {
  nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [
    expect
--- a/tests/min-copy-closure/configuration.nix
+++ b/tests/min-copy-closure/configuration.nix
@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ let
 in {
  imports = [
    ../../vanilla-configuration.nix
+    ../../modules/outputs/jffs2.nix
  ];
  config =  {
    services.sshd = longrun {
--- a/tests/min-copy-closure/test.nix
+++ b/tests/min-copy-closure/test.nix
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ let lmx = (import liminix {
    });
    rogue = lmx.pkgs.rogue;
    img = lmx.outputs.vmroot;
-    pkgs = import nixpkgs { overlays = [(import ../../overlay.nix)]; };
+    pkgs = import <nixpkgs> { overlays = [(import ../../overlay.nix)]; };
 in pkgs.runCommand "check" {
  nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [
    expect
--- a/tests/pppoe/test.nix
+++ b/tests/pppoe/test.nix
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ let img = (import liminix {
      device = import "${liminix}/devices/qemu";
      liminix-config = ./configuration.nix;
    }).outputs.default;
-    pkgs = import nixpkgs { overlays = [(import ../../overlay.nix)]; };
+    pkgs = import <nixpkgs> { overlays = [(import ../../overlay.nix)]; };
    inherit (pkgs.pkgsBuildBuild) routeros;
 in pkgs.runCommand "check" {
  nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [
--- a/tests/tftpboot/test.nix
+++ b/tests/tftpboot/test.nix
@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 {
-  liminix,
-  ...
+  liminix
 }:
 let check = deviceName  : config :
 let derivation = (import liminix {
--- a/tests/updown/test.nix
+++ b/tests/updown/test.nix
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ let img = (import liminix {
      device = import "${liminix}/devices/qemu/";
      liminix-config = ./configuration.nix;
    }).outputs.vmroot;
-    pkgs = import nixpkgs { overlays = [(import ../../overlay.nix)]; };
+    pkgs = import <nixpkgs> { overlays = [(import ../../overlay.nix)]; };
 in pkgs.runCommand "check" {
  nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [
    expect
--- a/tests/wlan/configuration.nix
+++ b/tests/wlan/configuration.nix
@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ in rec {
    ../../modules/wlan.nix
    ../../modules/hostapd
    ../../modules/network
-    ./wpa_supplicant.nix
  ];

  services.hostap = config.system.service.hostapd.build {
@ -28,21 +27,5 @@ in rec {
    };
  };

-  services.wpa_supplicant = config.system.service.wpa_supplicant.build {
-    interface = "wlan1";
-    driver = "nl80211";
-    config-file = pkgs.writeText "wpa_supplicant.conf" ''
-      country=us
-      update_config=1
-      ctrl_interface=/run/wpa_supplicant
-
-      network={
-       scan_ssid=1
-       ssid="liminix"
-       psk="colourless green ideas"
-      }
-    '';
-  };
-
-  defaultProfile.packages = with pkgs; [ tcpdump wpa_supplicant ];
+  defaultProfile.packages = with pkgs;  [ tcpdump ] ;
 }
--- a/tests/wlan/test.nix
+++ b/tests/wlan/test.nix
@ -3,11 +3,10 @@
 , nixpkgs
 }:
 let img = (import liminix {
-      inherit nixpkgs;
-      device = import "${liminix}/devices/qemu/";
+      device = import "${liminix}/devices/qemu-armv7l/";
      liminix-config = ./configuration.nix;
    }).outputs.default;
-    pkgs = import nixpkgs { overlays = [(import ../../overlay.nix)]; };
+    pkgs = import <nixpkgs> { overlays = [(import ../../overlay.nix)]; };
 in pkgs.runCommand "check" {
  nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [
    expect socat
--- a/tests/wlan/wait-for-wlan.expect
+++ b/tests/wlan/wait-for-wlan.expect
@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ expect {
 }
 expect "#"
 while { $FINISHED < 10 } {
-  send "date && grep CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED /run/uncaught-logs/* || echo \$NOT\r\n"
+  send "date && grep AP-ENABLED /run/uncaught-logs/* || echo \$NOT\r\n"
  
  expect {
-    "wlan1: CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED" { set FINISHED 999; set EXIT 0; }
+    "wlan0: AP-ENABLED" { set FINISHED 999; set EXIT 0; }
    "not_present" { send_user "waiting ...\n" ; sleep 5 }
  }
  set FINISHED [ expr $FINISHED + 1 ]
--- a/tests/wlan/wpa_service.nix
+++ b/tests/wlan/wpa_service.nix
@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-{
-  liminix,
-  wpa_supplicant,
-  lib,
-}:
-{
-  interface,
-  driver,
-  config-file,
-}:
-let
-  inherit (liminix.services) longrun;
-  inherit (lib.strings) escapeShellArg;
-in
-longrun {
-  name = "wpa_supplicant";
-  run =
-  ''
-    ${wpa_supplicant}/bin/wpa_supplicant -D${driver} -i${interface} -c ${config-file}
-  '';
-}
--- a/tests/wlan/wpa_supplicant.nix
+++ b/tests/wlan/wpa_supplicant.nix
@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
-with lib; {
-  options.system.service.wpa_supplicant = mkOption { type = pkgs.liminix.lib.types.serviceDefn; };
-  config.system.service.wpa_supplicant = config.system.callService ./wpa_service.nix {
-    interface = mkOption {
-      type = types.str;
-    };
-    driver = mkOption {
-      type = types.str;
-    };
-    config-file = mkOption {
-      type = types.package;
-    };
-  };
-}