devices/zyxel-nwa50ax: complete documentation
It covers everything I know more or less. Signed-off-by: Raito Bezarius <masterancpp@gmail.com>
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Raito Bezarius
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Installation
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============
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Wow, this device is a handful.
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This device is pretty, but, due to its A/B capabilities, can be a bit hard
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to use completely.
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The stock vendor firmware is a downstream fork of U-Boot (insert link to source code)
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The stock vendor firmware is a downstream fork of U-Boot: <https://github.com/RaitoBezarius/uboot-nwa50ax>
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with restricted boot commands. Fortunately, OpenWrt folks figured out trivial command injections,
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so you can use most of the OpenWrt commands without trouble by just command injecting
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atns, atna or atnf, e.g. atns "; $real_command".
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From factory web UI, this has not been tested yet.
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From factory web UI, you can upload the result of the zyxel-nwa-fit output.
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From another operating system, you need to `dumpimage -T flat_dt -p 0 $zyxel-nwa-fit -o firmware.bin`,
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`flash_erase $(mtd partition of the target partition firmware or zy_firmware) 0 0`, then you complete by
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`nandwrite -p $(mtd partition of the target partition firmware or zy_firmware) firmware.bin`.
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How to put the firmware.bin on the machine is left to you as an exercise, e.g. SSH, TFTP, whatever.
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From serial, you have two choices:
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- Flash this system via U-Boot:
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same reasoning as from an existing Linux system, two choices:
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- ymodem the binary, perform the write manually, you can inspire yourself
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from the `script` contained in the vendor firmware, those are just a FIT containing a script.
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- prepare a FIT containing a script executing your commands, tftpboot this.
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- boot from an existing Liminix system, e.g. TFTPBOOT image.
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- boot from an OpenWrt system, i.e. follow OpenWrt steps.
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Once you are in a Linux system, understand that this device has A/B boot.
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OpenWrt provides you with `zyxel-bootconfig` to set/unset the image status and choice.
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The kernel is booted with `bootImage=<number>` which tells you which slot are you on.
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You should find yourself with 10ish MTD partitions, the most interesting ones are two:
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In the current setup, they are split further into kernel (8MB) and ubi (32MB).
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You will write the FIT uImage in the kernel MTD partition directly, via `mtd write kernel.uimage /dev/mtd4`
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(if `/dev/mtd4` is the kernel MTD partition) or `flashcp` can be used similarly.
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Once you are done with first installation, note that if you want to use the A/B feature,
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you need to write a _secondary_ image on the slot B. There is no proper flashing code
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that will set the being-updated slot to `new` and boot on it to verify if it's working.
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This is a WIP.
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Then, you will install the UBI image, via `ubiformat -f ubi.image /dev/mtd5` (if `/dev/mtd4` was your kernel MTD partition, 5 must be the UBI).
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Upgrading your system can be achieved via:
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Once you are done, you will have to reboot and modify your bootargs in U-Boot
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because they are currently overridden.
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- `liminix-rebuild` for the userspace.
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- `flash_erase` + `nandwrite` for the kernelspace to the other slot than the one you are booted on,
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note that you can just nandwrite the mtd partition corresponding to the *kernel* and not the whole firmware.
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It is enough to do:
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atns "; setenv bootargs 'liminix console=ttyS0,115200 panic=10 oops=panic init=/bin/init loglevel=8 fw_devlink=off ubi.mtd=ubi root=ubi0:rootfs rootfstype=ubifs'"
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atns "; saveenv"
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If you soft-bricked your AP, i.e. you cannot boot anything in U-Boot, no worries, just plug the serial console,
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prepare a TFTP server (via `tufted` for example), download vendor firmware, set up `atns`, `atnf`, etc. and run `atnz`.
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Once you are done, you can enjoy booting on slot A unattended for now. To make use of the A/B feature, this is a TODO :).
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Upgrades are TODO too.
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This will reflash everything back to normal via TFTP.
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If you hard-bricked your AP, i.e. U-Boot is telling you to transfer a valid bootloader via ymodem, just extract
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a U-Boot from the vendor OS, send it via ymodem and use the previous operations to perform a full flash this time
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of all partitions.
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Note that if you erased your MRD partition, you lost your serial and MAC address. There's no way to recover the original one
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except by reading the physical label on your… device!
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If you super-hard-bricked your AP, i.e. no output on serial console, congratulations, you reached one of the rare state
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of this device. You need an external NAND flasher to repair it and write the first stage from Mediatek to continue the previous
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recovery operations.
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Vendor web page: https://www.zyxel.com/fr/fr/products/wireless/ax1800-wifi-6-dual-radio-nebulaflex-access-point-nwa50ax
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