infrastructure/modules/nixos/django-apps/default.nix

{
  config,
  lib,
  options,
  pkgs,
  utils,
  ...
}:

let
  inherit (lib)
    attrNames
    concatLists
    concatMapAttrs
    filterAttrs
    getExe
    getExe'
    literalExpression
    mapAttrs
    mapAttrs'
    mapAttrsToList
    mkEnableOption
    mkIf
    mkMerge
    mkOption
    mkPackageOption
    nameValuePair
    optional
    optionals
    recursiveUpdate
    toUpper
    ;

  inherit (lib.types)
    attrs
    attrsOf
    enum
    functionTo
    ints
    listOf
    nullOr
    package
    path
    str
    submodule
    ;

  inherit (utils) escapeSystemdExecArgs;

  cfg = config.services.django-apps;

  # Alias the global config to allow its use when the identifier is shadowed
  config' = config;
  systemctl = getExe' config.systemd.package "systemctl";
in

{
  options.services.django-apps = {
    enable = mkEnableOption "automatic django apps management";

    webhook = {
      domain = mkOption {
        type = str;
        description = ''
          The domain where the webhook service will listen.
        '';
      };

      nginx = mkOption {
        type = nullOr options.services.nginx.virtualHosts.type.nestedTypes.elemType;
        default = null;
        description = ''
          With this option, you can customize the nginx virtualHost settings.
        '';
        example = literalExpression ''
          {
            # To enable encryption and let Let's Encrypt take care of certificate
            forceSSL = true;
            enableACME = true;
          }
        '';
      };
    };

    sites = mkOption {
      type = attrsOf (
        submodule (
          { name, config, ... }:
          {
            options = {
              source = mkOption {
                type = str;
                description = ''
                  The URI where the source of the app can be publicly fetched via git.
                '';
              };

              branch = mkOption {
                type = str;
                default = "production";
                description = ''
                  Branch to follow for updates to the source.
                '';
              };

              domain = mkOption {
                type = str;
                description = ''
                  The domain where the web app will be served.
                '';
              };

              nginx = mkOption {
                type = nullOr options.services.nginx.virtualHosts.type.nestedTypes.elemType;
                default = null;
                description = ''
                  With this option, you can customize the nginx virtualHost settings.
                '';
                example = literalExpression ''
                  {
                    # To enable encryption and let Let's Encrypt take care of certificate
                    forceSSL = true;
                    enableACME = true;
                  }
                '';
              };

              env_prefix = mkOption {
                type = str;
                default = toUpper name;
                description = ''
                  The prefix to use for environment settings declaration.
                '';
              };

              application = {
                type = mkOption {
                  type = enum [
                    "asgi"
                    "wsgi"
                    "daphne"
                  ];
                  default = "wsgi";
                  description = ''
                    Specification for the django application.
                  '';
                };

                module = mkOption {
                  type = str;
                  default = "app";
                  description = ''
                    Name of the module containing the application interface.
                  '';
                };

                settingsModule = mkOption {
                  type = str;
                  default = "${config.application.module}.settings";
                  description = ''
                    The django settings module, will be passed as an environment variable to the app.
                  '';
                };

                workers = mkOption {
                  type = ints.positive;
                  default = 4;
                  description = ''
                    Number of workers processes to use.
                  '';
                };

                channelLayer = mkOption {
                  type = str;
                  default = "channel_layer";
                  description = ''
                    Channel layer to use when running the application with daphne.
                  '';
                };
              };

              python = mkPackageOption pkgs "python3" { };

              django = mkOption {
                type = functionTo package;
                default = ps: ps.django;
                defaultText = literalExpression "ps: ps.django";
                description = ''
                  The django version to use to run the app.
                '';
              };

              djangoEnv = mkOption {
                type = package;
                default = config.python.withPackages (
                  ps:
                  [ (config.django ps) ]
                  ++ (optional (config.application.type != "daphne") ps.gunicorn)
                  ++ (optional (config.application.type == "asgi") ps.uvicorn)
                  ++ (optional (config.dbType == "postgresql") ps.psycopg)
                  ++ (config.dependencies ps)
                );
                description = ''
                  The python version used to run the app, with the correct dependencies.
                '';
              };

              dependencies = mkOption {
                type = functionTo (listOf package);
                default = _: [ ];
                example = literalExpression "ps: [ ps.requests ]";
                description = ''
                  Python dependencies of the app.
                '';
              };

              extraPackages = mkOption {
                type = listOf package;
                default = [ ];
                description = ''
                  Packages that will be added to the path of the app.
                '';
              };

              credentials = mkOption {
                type = attrsOf path;
                default = { };
                description = ''
                  The files containing credentials to pass through `LoadCredential` to the application.
                '';
              };

              environment = mkOption {
                type = attrsOf (pkgs.formats.json { }).type;
                default = { };
                description = ''
                  Environment variables to pass to the app.
                '';
              };

              managePath = mkOption {
                type = str;
                default = "manage.py";
                description = ''
                  Path to the manage.py file inside the source
                '';
              };

              extraServices = mkOption {
                type = attrs;
                default = { };
                description = ''
                  Extra services to run in parallel of the application.
                  May be used to run background tasks and/or workers.
                '';
              };

              manageScript = mkOption {
                type = package;
                default = pkgs.writeShellApplication {
                  name = "${name}-manage";

                  runtimeInputs = [
                    pkgs.util-linux
                    config'.systemd.package

                    config.djangoEnv
                  ] ++ config.extraPackages;
                  text = ''
                    MainPID=$(systemctl show -p MainPID --value dj-${name}.service)

                    nsenter -e -a -t "$MainPID" -G follow -S follow python /var/lib/django-apps/${name}/source/${config.managePath} "$@"
                  '';
                };
                description = ''
                  Script to run manage.py related tasks.
                '';
              };

              updateScript = mkOption {
                type = package;
                default = pkgs.writeShellApplication {
                  name = "dj-${name}-update-source";

                  runtimeInputs = [
                    config.djangoEnv

                    pkgs.git
                  ];

                  text = ''
                    git pull
                    python3 ${config.managePath} migrate
                    python3 ${config.managePath} collectstatic --no-input
                  '';
                };
                description = ''
                  Script to run when updating the app source.
                '';
              };

              webHookSecret = mkOption {
                type = path;
                description = ''
                  Path to the webhook secret.
                '';
              };

              dbType = mkOption {
                type = enum [
                  "manual"
                  "postgresql"
                  "sqlite"
                ];
                default = "postgresql";
                description = ''
                  Which database backend to use, set to `manual` for custom declaration.
                '';
              };

              baseDirectory = mkOption {
                type = str;
                readOnly = true;
                default = "/var/lib/django-apps/${name}";
              };

              sourceDirectory = mkOption {
                type = str;
                readOnly = true;
                default = "${config.baseDirectory}/source";
              };

              staticDirectory = mkOption {
                type = str;
                default = "static";
                description = ''
                  Path to the staticfiles directory.
                  This is relative to the base directory, e.g. the parent of the source directory.
                '';
              };

              mediaDirectory = mkOption {
                type = str;
                default = "media";
                description = ''
                  Path to the media files directory.
                  This is relative to the base directory, e.g. the parent of the source directory.
                '';
              };
            };
          }
        )
      );
    };
  };

  config = mkIf cfg.enable {
    security.sudo.extraRules = [
      {
        users = [ "webhook" ];
        commands = builtins.map (name: {
          command = "${systemctl} start dj-${name}-update.service";
          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
        }) (attrNames cfg.sites);
      }
    ];

    environment.systemPackages = mapAttrsToList (_: { manageScript, ... }: manageScript) cfg.sites;

    services = {
      webhook = {
        enable = true;

        package = pkgs.webhook.overrideAttrs (old: {
          patches = (old.patches or [ ]) ++ [ ./01-webhook.patch ];
        });

        # extraArgs = [ "-debug" ];

        # Only listen on localhost
        ip = "127.0.0.1";

        hooksTemplated = mapAttrs' (
          name:
          { branch, ... }:
          nameValuePair "dj-${name}" (
            # Avoid issues when quoting "dj-name" through builtins.toJSON
            builtins.replaceStrings [ "\\" ] [ "" ] (
              builtins.toJSON {
                id = "dj-${name}";
                execute-command = "/run/wrappers/bin/sudo";
                pass-arguments-to-command =
                  builtins.map
                    (name: {
                      inherit name;
                      source = "string";
                    })
                    [
                      systemctl
                      "start"
                      "dj-${name}-update.service"
                    ];
                # command-working-directory = "/var/lib/django-apps/${name}";
                trigger-rule = {
                  and = [
                    {
                      or = [
                        {
                          match = {
                            type = "payload-hmac-sha256";
                            secret = ''{{ credential "dj-${name}" | js }}'';
                            parameter = {
                              source = "header";
                              name = "X-Hub-Signature-256";
                            };
                          };
                        }
                        {
                          match = {
                            type = "value";
                            value = ''{{ credential "dj-${name}" | js }}'';
                            parameter = {
                              source = "header";
                              name = "X-Gitlab-Token";
                            };
                          };
                        }
                      ];
                    }
                    {
                      match = {
                        type = "value";
                        value = "refs/heads/${branch}";
                        parameter = {
                          source = "payload";
                          name = "ref";
                        };
                      };
                    }
                  ];
                };
              }
            )
          )
        ) cfg.sites;
      };

      nginx = mkMerge [
        (mkIf (cfg.webhook.nginx != null) {
          enable = true;

          virtualHosts = {
            ${cfg.webhook.domain} = mkMerge [
              { locations."/".proxyPass = "http://127.0.0.1:${builtins.toString config.services.webhook.port}"; }
              cfg.webhook.nginx
            ];
          };
        })
        {
          virtualHosts = mapAttrs' (
            name:
            { domain, nginx, ... }:
            nameValuePair domain (
              recursiveUpdate {
                locations = {
                  "/".proxyPass = "http://unix:/run/django-apps/${name}.sock";
                  "/static/".root = "/run/django-apps/${name}";
                  "/media/".root = "/run/django-apps/${name}";
                };
              } nginx
            )
          ) cfg.sites;
        }
      ];

      postgresql =
        let
          apps = builtins.map (name: "dj-${name}") (
            attrNames (filterAttrs (_: { dbType, ... }: dbType == "postgresql") cfg.sites)
          );
        in
        mkIf (apps != [ ]) {
          enable = true;

          ensureDatabases = apps;
          ensureUsers = builtins.map (name: {
            inherit name;
            ensureDBOwnership = true;
          }) apps;
        };
    };

    users = {
      users.nginx.extraGroups = [ "django-apps" ];
      groups.django-apps = { };
    };

    systemd = {
      sockets = mapAttrs' (
        name: _:
        nameValuePair "dj-${name}" {
          description = "Socket for the ${name} Django Application";
          wantedBy = [ "sockets.target" ];

          socketConfig = {
            ListenStream = "/run/django-apps/${name}.sock";
            SocketMode = "600";
            SocketUser = config'.services.nginx.user;
          };
        }
      ) cfg.sites;

      mounts = concatLists (
        mapAttrsToList (
          name:
          { mediaDirectory, staticDirectory, ... }:
          [
            {
              where = "/run/django-apps/${name}/static";
              what = "/var/lib/django-apps/${name}/${staticDirectory}";
              options = "bind";

              after = [ "dj-${name}.service" ];
              partOf = [ "dj-${name}.service" ];
              upheldBy = [ "dj-${name}.service" ];
            }

            {
              where = "/run/django-apps/${name}/media";
              what = "/var/lib/django-apps/${name}/${mediaDirectory}";
              options = "bind";

              after = [ "dj-${name}.service" ];
              partOf = [ "dj-${name}.service" ];
              upheldBy = [ "dj-${name}.service" ];
            }
          ]
        ) cfg.sites
      );

      services =
        {
          webhook.serviceConfig.LoadCredential = mapAttrsToList (
            name: { webHookSecret, ... }: "dj-${name}:${webHookSecret}"
          ) cfg.sites;
        }
        // (concatMapAttrs (
          name: config:
          let
            mkDatabase =
              name: type:
              if type == "postgresql" then
                {
                  ENGINE = "django.db.backends.postgresql";
                  NAME = "dj-${name}";
                }
              else if type == "sqlite" then
                {
                  ENGINE = "django.db.backends.sqlite3";
                  NAME = "/var/lib/django-apps/${name}/db.sqlite3";
                }
              else
                throw "Invalid database type !";

            # Systemd Service Configuration
            Group = "django-apps";
            LoadCredential = mapAttrsToList (credential: path: "${credential}:${path}") config.credentials;
            RuntimeDirectory = "django-apps/${name}";
            StateDirectory = "django-apps/${name}";
            UMask = "0027";
            User = "dj-${name}";
            WorkingDirectory = "/var/lib/django-apps/${name}";

            environment =
              let
                mkValue = v: if builtins.isString v then v else builtins.toJSON v;
              in
              (mapAttrs' (key: value: nameValuePair "${config.env_prefix}_${key}" (mkValue value)) {
                DATABASES =
                  if (config.dbType != "manual") then { default = mkDatabase name config.dbType; } else null;
                STATIC_ROOT = "/var/lib/django-apps/${name}/${config.staticDirectory}";
                MEDIA_ROOT = "/var/lib/django-apps/${name}/${config.mediaDirectory}";
                ALLOWED_HOSTS = [ config.domain ];
              })
              // {
                DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE = config.application.settingsModule;
              }
              // (mapAttrs (_: mkValue) config.environment);
            path = config.extraPackages ++ [ config.djangoEnv ];
            after = [ "network.target" ] ++ (optional (config.dbType == "postgresql") "postgresql.service");
          in
          {
            "dj-${name}" = {
              inherit after environment path;

              preStart = ''
                if [ ! -f .initialized ]; then
                  # The previous initialization might have failed, so restart from the beginning
                  rm -rf source

                  # We need to download the application source and run the migrations first
                  ${lib.getExe pkgs.git} clone --single-branch --branch ${config.branch} ${config.source} source
                  (cd source && python ${config.managePath} migrate --no-input && python ${config.managePath} collectstatic --no-input)
                  touch .initialized
                fi

                # Create the necessary directory with the correct user/group
                mkdir -p ${config.mediaDirectory} ${config.staticDirectory}
              '';

              requires = [ "dj-${name}.socket" ];
              wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];

              serviceConfig = {
                inherit
                  Group
                  LoadCredential
                  RuntimeDirectory
                  StateDirectory
                  User
                  UMask
                  WorkingDirectory
                  ;

                DynamicUser = true;
                ExecStart = escapeSystemdExecArgs (
                  if (config.application.type == "daphne") then
                    [
                      (getExe' config.djangoEnv "daphne")
                      "-u"
                      "/run/django-apps/${name}.sock"
                      "${config.application.module}.asgi:${config.application.channelLayer}"
                    ]
                  else
                    (
                      [
                        (getExe' config.djangoEnv "gunicorn")
                        "--workers"
                        config.application.workers
                        "--bind"
                        "unix:/run/django-apps/${name}.sock"
                        "--pythonpath"
                        "source"
                      ]
                      ++ (optionals (config.application.type == "asgi") [
                        "--worker-class"
                        "uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker"
                      ])
                      ++ [ "${config.application.module}.${config.application.type}" ]
                    )
                );
                ExecReload = "${getExe' pkgs.coreutils "kill"} -s HUP $MAINPID";
                KillMode = "mixed";
                Type = mkIf (config.application.type != "daphne") "notify";
              };
            };

            "dj-${name}-update" = {
              inherit environment path;

              serviceConfig = {
                inherit
                  Group
                  LoadCredential
                  StateDirectory
                  UMask
                  User
                  ;

                DynamicUser = true;
                ExecStart = "${getExe config.updateScript}";
                Type = "oneshot";
                WorkingDirectory = "/var/lib/django-apps/${name}/source";
              };

              unitConfig = {
                After = "dj-${name}.service";
                Conflicts = "dj-${name}.service";
              };
            };
          }
          // (mapAttrs' (
            serviceName: serviceContent:
            nameValuePair "dj-${name}_${serviceName}" (
              recursiveUpdate {
                inherit after environment path;

                partOf = [ "dj-${name}.service" ];
                wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
                upheldBy = [ "dj-${name}.service" ];

                serviceConfig = {
                  inherit
                    Group
                    LoadCredential
                    RuntimeDirectory
                    StateDirectory
                    UMask
                    User
                    ;

                  DynamicUser = true;
                };
              } serviceContent
            )
          ) config.extraServices)
        ) cfg.sites);
    };
  };
}