wpa_supplicant/p2p_supplicant.c has reached almost 10000 lines in length
and was getting a bit inconvenient to edit, so start splitting it into
separate files.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
This makes the AP mode more consistent with other modes by providing a
matching pair of CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED and CTRL-EVENT-DISCONNECTED event
messages.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
It looks like "hardware does not support required rate 1.0 Mbps" has
started showing up in some hwsim test cases as a reason for failure.
This should not really occur with mac80211_hwsim, so add more details to
the debug print to make it easier to figure out what exactly happened.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
This extends the TDLS operation request mechanism to allow TDLS
Discovery Request to be initiated by the driver similarly to the
existing Setup and Teardown requests.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
It was possible to leave the driver in mesh point state if upper layer
mesh initialization failed in wpa_supplicant_mesh_init(). With nl80211,
this results in the vif being left in mesh point mode instead of
restoring it to station mode. That seems to break normal functionality,
e.g., for Public Action frame TX/RX. Fix this by restoring station mode
on mesh failure path.
This error could be triggered, e.g., with the following hwsim test case
sequence: wpas_mesh_secure_sae_missing_password
nfc_p2p_static_handover_tagdev_go_forced_freq
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Add radar event processing logic for AP/P2P GO. The DFS processing
functions from hostapd are now used for these wpa_supplicant cases as
well for both offloaded and non-offloaded DFS.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Add P2P changes to allow bringing up P2P autonomous GO on a DFS channel
if DFS functionality is offloaded to the driver.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Previously, it was possible for wpa_state to be left at SCANNING if
INTERWORKING_SELECT command failed to find any match. Now the state is
set to DISCONNECTED if the operation terminates because of no matching
networks.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
When there is no channel preference mentioned by user, auto GO
can be started on any of the 5 GHz channels supported for P2P.
Consider operating classes 115 and 124 which do not require DFS.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Commit 3f9ebc439c ('P2P: Allow AP/GO
interface to be started while P2P-in-progress') moved the
wpa_s->connect_without_scan and wpa_s->last_scan_req checks to an
earlier place within the wpa_supplicant_scan() function without
adjusting wpa_s->last_scan_req. This variable was set between the old
and new location, so the new location needs to use wpa_s->scan_req.
This fixes an issue where AP/GO operations were not properly started in
some operation sequence. Instead, a station mode scan was executed. This
issue could be triggered, e.g., by running the no_go_freq test case
followed by autogo_random_channel.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
This commit introduces a callback to notify any configuration updates
from the eap_proxy layer. This is used to trigger re-reading of IMSI and
MNC length.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Static analyzers may warn about dereference before NULL check in
wpas_network_disabled() due to the new code added to check
wpa_s->p2p_mgmt. wpa_s cannot be NULL here, so remove the unneeded check
for it later in the function. (CID 106124)
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
wpa_supplicant_deinit_iface() ends up removing all P2P groups if the
removed interface is the parent interface. This is correct behavior in
general, but this resulted in issues in the new group interface
initialization error path since wpa_s->parent was not assigned before
hitting this check. Fix this by assigning wpa_s->parent as part of
wpa_supplicant_add_iface().
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
There are number of cases where wpa_supplicant requests the current
connection to be disconnected before starting a new operation. Such
cases do not really indicate that there was an error in connecting or a
disconnection initiated by the AP, so do not add a temporary blacklist
entry in such sequences.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
It is possible for the P2P_CONNECT control interface command to be
issued on an incorrect interface. While the upper layer component should
really use global control interface for this, make this work by
redirecting the command to the correct context if needed.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
The dedicated P2P management instance (wpas->p2p_mgmt == 1) using
cfg80211 P2P Device cannot be used for non-P2P uses or connection (there
is no netdev). Reject or ignore such operations to avoid unexpected
operations if enabled network blocks are configured in the
wpa_supplicant instance used to control this interface.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
The optional freq=<MHz> can now be used with the P2P_FIND command to
specify a single channel to scan during the first round of P2P search.
For example, this can be used to replace the full initial scan with a
single channel scan of a known operation channel.
Signed-off-by: Daichi Ueura <daichi.ueura@sonymobile.com>
This reverts commit 3df2f4fe99 ('P2P:
Remove unused P2P_SCAN_SPECIFIC') with a modification to fit the current
code base.
Signed-off-by: Daichi Ueura <daichi.ueura@sonymobile.com>
Commit 563ee1832b ('IBSS: Add support for
VHT80 configuration') got merged in incorrectly with one i/j swap
missed.
Signed-off-by: Janusz Dziedzic <janusz.dziedzic@tieto.com>
Commit a1b790eb9d ('Select AP based on
estimated maximum throughput') had a copy-paste bug than ended up
leaving one of the max_ht40_rate() cases unreachable. (CID 106087)
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Previously, within-ESS roaming was skipped if the selected BSS did not
have a higher signal strength than the current BSS regardless of AP
capabilities. This could result in not moving to a BSS that would
provide higher throughput, e.g., due to larger channel bandwidth or
higher rates (HT/VHT MCS).
Use estimated throughput information from scan result processing to
allow within-ESS roaming if the selected BSS is likely to provide better
throughput even if the current BSS has larger RSSI.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
These values were previously used only for sorting the scan results, but
it may be useful to provide access to the used values through the BSS
entries.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
This modifies the BSS selection routines to calculate SNR and estimated
throughput for each scan result and then use the estimated throughput as
a criteria for sorting the results. This extends the earlier design by
taking into account higher throughput rates if both the AP and local
device supports HT20, HT40, or VHT80. In addition, the maximum rate is
restricted based on SNR.
In practice, this gives significantly higher probability of selecting
HT/VHT APs when there are multiple BSSes in the same ESS and SNR is not
low enough to prevent higher MCS use.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
"make -C wpa_supplicant libwpa_ctrl.a" can now be used to build a static
library that can be linked with external programs using wpa_ctrl.h. This
makes it easier to create a separate library package that does not
depend in any other hostap.git file other than src/common/wpa_ctrl.h and
the libwpa_ctrl.a built with this new make target.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
When an EVENT_SIGNAL_CHANGE occurs the bgscan is informed about this
change but the new RSSI value is not stored. In consequence, when
roaming candidates are evaluated, the RSSI value of the current BSS used
to compare is an old one obtained during the last scan rather than the
new one given by the signal change event. This leads sometimes to bad
decision when selecting a new BSS for roaming.
This patch solves the issue by updating the current BSS level when
receiving a signal change event in order to have a very up-to-date
current signal value when choosing an new BSS.
Signed-off-by: Matthieu Mauger <matthieux.mauger@intel.com>
When stopping the TKIP countermeasures, it would be preferable to
connect immediately. However if scheduled scan is in progress,
a connection attempt will be done only when scan results are received,
so cancel the scheduled scan to allow immediate scan and connection
attempt.
Signed-off-by: Ilan Peer <ilan.peer@intel.com>
Read p2p_go_ctwindow (0-127 TUs) from the config file, and pass it to
the driver on GO start.
Use p2p_go_ctwindow=0 (no CTWindow) by default.
Signed-off-by: Eliad Peller <eliadx.peller@intel.com>
In addition, add support for returning the capability list through
the BSS control interface command.
Signed-off-by: ASHUTOSH NARAYAN <ashutoshx.narayan@intel.com>
In addition, add support for returning the capability list through the
BSS control interface command.
Signed-off-by: ASHUTOSH NARAYAN <ashutoshx.narayan@intel.com>
Instead of calling a dummy printf function use preprocessor to determine
if debugging mode is enabled. Also use native Qt debug function.
Signed-off-by: Arkadiusz Bokowy <arkadiusz.bokowy@gmail.com>
If a matching IBSS is found in scan results, change requested frequency
to match and disable OBSS scan.
Signed-off-by: Janusz Dziedzic <janusz.dziedzic@tieto.com>
Add fixed_freq=<0/1> network block parameter and pass it to the driver
when starting or joining an IBSS. If this flag is set, IBSS should not
try to look for other IBSS networks to merge with on different channels.
Signed-off-by: Janusz Dziedzic <janusz.dziedzic@tieto.com>
The new reassoc_same_bss_optim=1 configuration parameter can now be used
to request wpa_supplicant to bypass the unnecessary Authentication frame
exchange when reassociating back to the same BSS with which the device
is already associated. This functionality is disabled by default since
it may cause undesired interoperability issues with some APs.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Commit c35e35ed81 ('Add passive_scan
configuration parameter') used incorrect parameter name when writing the
passive_scan parameter into a configuration file.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
The new "DUMP" and "SET <variable>" control interface commands can be
used to fetch global wpa_supplicant configuration parameters.
Signed-off-by: Ola Olsson <ola.olsson@sonymobile.com>
This can be used to provide more control to upper layers on network
blocks generated as part of Interworking network selection.
INTERWORKING_ADD_NETWORK behaves otherwise identically to
INTERWORKING_CONNECT, but it does not request a new connection after
having added the network block and it returns the network id of the
added network.
INTERWORKING_ADD_NETWORK followed by REASSOCIATE would behave more or
less identically to INTERWORKING_CONNECT, but this allows the created
network profile to be modified, if desired, and/or stored externally.
SELECT_NETWORK can also be used with the network id returned from
INTERWORKING_ADD_NETWORK to enforce that specific network profile to be
used for the next connection (though, it should be noted that this
behavior may not meet all Hotspot 2.0 requirements if there were other
enabled networks that could have higher priority).
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Commit b31be3a0fd ('P2P: Add automatic GO
Negotiation vs. join-a-group selection') added this P2P_CONNECT 'auto'
parameter, but did not update any documentation on it.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
If a separate P2P group interface was used, P2P_CONNECT-auto fallback to
GO Negotiation could result in use of freed memory and segmentation
fault. This happened in cases where the peer GO was found in some old
scans, but not in the first scan triggered by the P2P_CONNECT-auto
command ("P2P: Peer was found running GO in older scan -> try to join
the group" shows up in the debug log). In addition, the GO would still
need to reply to PD Request to allow this code path to be triggered.
When five scans for the GO were completed in this sequence, the P2P
group interface was removed as part of falling back to GO Negotiation.
However, that ended up dereferencing the freed wpa_s instance at the end
of scan event processing. Fix this by reordering code a bit and breaking
out from EVENT_SCAN_RESULTS processing if the interface could have been
removed.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
When SAE authentication fails, wpa_supplicant retries four times. If all
the retries result in failure, SAE state machine enters BLOCKED state.
Once it enters this state, wpa_supplicant doesn't retry connection. This
commit allow connection retries even if the state machine entered
BLOCKED state.
There could be an opinion "Is this patch needed? User could know the SAE
state machine is in the BLOCKED mode by MESH-SAE-AUTH-BLOCKED event.
Then user can retry connection. By user action, SAE state machine can
change the state from BLOCKED to another.". Yes, this is a true at the
joining mesh STA. However, a STA that is already a member of existing
mesh BSS should not retry connection because if the joining mesh STA
used wrong password, all the existing STA should do something from UI to
retry connection.
Signed-off-by: Masashi Honma <masashi.honma@gmail.com>
Send MESH-SAE-AUTH-BLOCKED event if SAE authentication is blocked. The
BLOCK state will finish when a new peer notification event is sent for
the same MAC address.
Signed-off-by: Masashi Honma <masashi.honma@gmail.com>
SAE authentication fails likely with wrong password. This commit adds a
notification of the failure to the upper application (UI) so that the
application can notify suspection of a wrong password to the user. The
control interface monitor even for this is "MESH-SAE-AUTH-FAILURE
addr=<peer>".
Signed-off-by: Masashi Honma <masashi.honma@gmail.com>
Commit 07cb45ccb2 ('mesh: Add no_auto_peer
config option') added a new struct wpa_ssid argument and added an
unnecessary parsing and setting of the value in
wpa_supplicant_ctrl_iface_update_network(). This is not needed since
wpa_config_set() takes care of parsing the parameters.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
It is possible for a network profile to change its type from P2P
persistent group to a normal network and back. The D-Bus interface uses
different types of objects for those, so the object needs to
re-registered in case of type change. This fixes issues in leaving
behind an incorrect type of object and leaking memory when freeing such
a network block that has had its disabled parameter changed.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
There is a chance that wpa_supplicant may get killed during
the time it is writing config file. If this happens, user
information like SSIDs and passwords can be lost forever.
This change works around that by writing config to a
temporary file and then renaming the file to the correct name.
Signed-off-by: Vinit Deshpande <vinitd@google.com>
We should not enable HT if WEP or TKIP is configured.
Without the patch and WEP configuration we will get message:
Association request to the driver failed
Signed-off-by: Janusz Dziedzic <janusz.dziedzic@tieto.com>
Do not claim to change the Listen channel in a debug message when
previously configured channel prevents this. In addition, fix a typo in
another related debug print.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
The pending interface created during provision discovery should
not be removed on stopping p2p_find. This pending interface has
to be used after completing GO negotiation. Earlier the pending
interface is created just before GO negotiation so there was no
problem.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
This is needed to allow P2PS related new control interface commands to
be redirected for proper context processing.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
If P2PS config method is used for provisioning, upon forming a new GO,
start WPS registrar for the provisioned peer automatically.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
This introduces a P2P module callback function that will be used to
create the pending P2PS group after sending PD Response and receiving
ACK status for it.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
When the peer device is trying to form a new group despite having
old persistent group with same roles, remove the stale persistent
group.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
This adds new wpa_supplicant control interface commands
P2P_ASP_PROVISION and P2P_ASP_PROVISION_RESP.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
This extends wpas_p2p_prov_disc() implementation to accept P2PS
parameters. None of the callers are yet using this functionality; the
following commit introduces a user.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
This adds a data structure for storing P2PS PD information and code to
add the related attributes into PD Request. The actual operation to
trigger this behavior will be added in a separate commit.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Add support to parse received GAS requests for ASP services and
prepare GAS responses accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
This extends the P2P_SERV_DISC_REQ control interface command with a new
"asp" service type. This takes service id, service string, and optional
service info as arguments.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
In addition, add a new P2P_SERVICE_REP command that can be used to
replace existing ASP advertisements.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
This provides additional WPS definitions and rules for negotiating use
of P2PS default PIN configuration method.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
P2PS seek strings can now be specified in the P2P_FIND control interface
command with one or more optional "seek=<str>" parameters.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
It was possible for a Action frame sequence completion to stop an
ongoing offchannel remain-on-channel operation unexpectedly in cases
where TX operation was offloaded to the driver and such an operation
happened to occur during a previously started remain-on-channel (e.g.,
for P2P listen state).
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
It was possible for the previously requested remain-on-channel for P2P
listen state to get canceled before having received driver event
indicating start of that remain-on-channel operation. In such a case,
the event was able to trigger P2P module to start processing listen
timeout even though there was not supposed to be a following listen
operation anymore. Skip the driver event if we are not waiting for a new
listen state.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
When noise floor measurements are not available, compute SNR
using default values for the noise floor. This helps steer us
towards 5 GHz BSSes in high signal strength environments.
In more detail...
Existing code prefers a 5 GHz BSS when the 5 GHz BSS's signal
strength is "close" to that of the 2.4 GHz BSS, or when both SNRs
are large. However, the mwifiex driver does not provide noise
floor measurements, so we can't compute SNRs.
Because mwifiex doesn't provide NF measurements, the "large SNR"
code wasn't effective. By using default values for the noise floor,
we can again compute SNRs, and decide that the SNR is high enough
that we shouldn't worry about the exact difference in SNR.
The default noise floor values (one for 2.4 GHz, and one for 5 GHz)
were chosen by measurement in a noisy environment, so they should be
conservative.
Note that while this patch is motivated by mwifiex, it affects
ath9k as well. Although ath9k provides noise floor measurements
in general, it will sometimes fail to provide a measurement for
one or more specific channels.
As a result of this patch, we'll always compare BSSes based on SNR
(either measured or estimated), rather than sometimes comparing
based on signal strength. ("Always" assumes that the
WPA_SCAN_LEVEL_DBM flag is set. It is for mwifiex and ath9k.)
While there:
- fix a whitespace issue (spaces -> tab)
- clean up existing comments
- update dump_scan_res to indicate whether the noise floor is
measured, or default
Signed-hostap: mukesh agrawal <quiche@chromium.org>
For wired IEEE 802.1X authentication, phase1="allow_canned_success=1"
can now be used to configure a mode that allows EAP-Success (and
EAP-Failure) without going through authentication step. Some switches
use such sequence when forcing the port to be authorized/unauthorized or
as a fallback option if the authentication server is unreachable. By
default, wpa_supplicant discards such frames to protect against
potential attacks by rogue devices, but this option can be used to
disable that protection for cases where the server/authenticator does
not need to be authenticated.
When enabled, this mode allows EAP-Success/EAP-Failure as an immediate
response to EAPOL-Start (or even without EAPOL-Start) and EAP-Success is
also allowed immediately after EAP-Identity exchange (fallback case for
authenticator not being able to connect to authentication server).
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
wpa_supplicant used to request user to re-enter username/password if the
server indicated that EAP-MSCHAPv2 (e.g., in PEAP Phase 2)
authentication failed (E=691), but retry is allowed (R=1). This is a
reasonable default behavior, but there may be cases where it is more
convenient to close the authentication session immediately rather than
wait for user to do something.
Add a new "mschapv2_retry=0" option to the phase2 field to allow the
retry behavior to be disabled. This will make wpa_supplicant abort
authentication attempt on E=691 regardless of whether the server allows
retry.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Some packages don't install its headers in the default directory
(e.g.: In Arch Linux libiberty and libn13 includes are installed)
in their own subdirectory under /usr/include) and the build fails
trying to find the headers.
This patch will allow passing extra CFLAGS values without discarding
the assignments made in the Makefile. The CFLAGS values in the Makefile
are ignored, if defined directly in the make command line.
Signed-off-by: Roger Zanoni <roger.zanoni@openbossa.org>
Linux kernel commit 576eb62598f10c8c7fd75703fe89010cdcfff596 ('bridge:
respect RFC2863 operational state') from 2012 introduced a regression
for using wpa_supplicant with EAPOL frames and a station interface in a
bridge. Since it does not look like this regression is going to get
fixed any time soon (it is already two years from that commit and over
1.5 from a discussion pointing out the regression), add a workaround in
wpa_supplicant to avoid this issue.
The wpa_supplicant workaround uses a secondary packet socket to capture
all frames (ETH_P_ALL) from the netdev that is in a bridge. This is
needed to avoid the kernel regression. However, this comes at the price
of more CPU load. Some of this is avoided with use of Linux socket
filter, but still, this is less efficient than a packet socket bound to
the specific EAPOL ethertype. The workaround gets disabled
automatically, if the main packet socket interface on the bridge
interface turns out to be working for RX (e.g., due to an old kernel
version being used or a new kernel version having a fix for the
regression). In addition, this workaround is only taken into use for the
special case of running wpa_supplicant with an interface in a bridge.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Currently, there is a race in open mesh networks where mesh STA A
receives a beacon from B and sends a peering open frame to initiate
peering. STA B, having not yet received a beacon from A and thus
created the corresponding station entry, will ignore all such open
frames. If the beacon interval is sufficiently long then peering
will not succeed as a result.
In fact B can simply create the station entry when the popen is
received, as is done in Linux's in-kernel MPM, avoiding the issue.
Signed-off-by: Bob Copeland <me@bobcopeland.com>
Previously, we would only free the station entry if a peering close
frame was received (freeing the station entry causes the kernel to
start sending peer candidate events again when suitable beacons are
received, triggering peering or authentication to restart).
The end result is the same in any case regardless of close reason:
if we leave holding state then peering has started again, so go
ahead and remove the station in all cases.
Signed-off-by: Bob Copeland <me@bobcopeland.com>
The plink_state exists both wpa_supplicant and kernel. Synchronize them
with wpa_mesh_set_plink_state().
Signed-off-by: Kenzoh Nishikawa <Kenzoh.Nishikawa@jp.sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Masashi Honma <masashi.honma@gmail.com>
Drop the unneeded 'attempt' argument. This was originally used for
indicating an aborted PMKID caching attempt, but a fix in 2006 removed
the only such user and since that time, only attempt == 1 has been used.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
This replaces the implementation in aes-wrap.c and aes-unwrap.c with
OpenSSL AES_wrap_key() and AES_unwrap_key() functions when building
hostapd or wpa_supplicant with OpenSSL.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Use OpenSSL HMAC_* functions to implement HMAC-MD5 instead of depending
on the src/crypto/md5.c implementation.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Connection with a PMF enabled AP will fail if we try to negotiate PMF
while the local driver does not support this. Since pmf=1 does not
require PMF for a successful connection, it can be ignored in such a
case to avoid connectivity issues with invalid configuration. This makes
it somewhat easier to allow upper layer programs to use pmf=1 default
regardless of driver capabilities.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
This modifies struct wpa_ptk to allow the length of KCK and KEK to be
stored. This is needed to allow longer keys to be used, e.g., with
Suite B 192-bit level.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
This extends GET_CAPABILITY command to allow the supported group
management frame cipher suites to be listed.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
There are lots of reasons we can fail to match an EAP credential, so add
logging to help determine why it is happening in various cases.
Signed-off-by: Ben Greear <greearb@candelatech.com>
