PBC overlap detection searches for another BSS with active PBC in the
BSS table. However, when a separate P2P interface is used, scan results
without P2P IE are not saved in the BSS table, so non-P2P BSS's with
active PBC will not be detected.
Fix this by iterating only the WPS AP array instead of the BSS table.
This is also more efficient since only WPS APs may have active PBC. This
also fixes hwsim test "grpform_pbc_overlap" when a dedicated P2P Device
is used.
Signed-off-by: Avraham Stern <avraham.stern@intel.com>
Previously the wpa_s->parent interface was used, which is not
necessarily the P2P Device management interface.
Signed-off-by: Ilan Peer <ilan.peer@intel.com>
Only the first seek=<service name> parameter was accepted from the
P2P_FIND command. Fix this to go through all seek parameters to
construct the list of service hash values to seek.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Commit 4be9f27595 ('wpa_cli: Use eloop
during connection attempts in interactive mode') did not take into
account the needs for signal processing in action mode. eloop_run() was
not called in this case and the internal select() loop would block eloop
processing anyway and prevent clean shutdown. Fix this by using eloop
for action mode operations.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
The control interface commands may include passwords or other private
key material, so clear it explicitly from memory as soon as the
temporary buffer is not needed anymore.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
It was possible for a P2P group formation failure to result in a
concurrent station mode operation getting disconnected in the specific
error case where group interface addition fails after a successful GO
Negotiation. Fix this by skipping the wpas_p2p_group_delete() call in
this specific case since the group interface does not exists anymore at
the point wpas_group_formation_completed() gets called.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
If the RX frequency of the Probe Request frame is known, specify it when
sending the Probe Response frame. This is needed when the Probe Request
frame is received on another virtual interface, for example, when a GO
or P2PS client are discoverable on the group operating channel.
Signed-off-by: Andrei Otcheretianski <andrei.otcheretianski@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Ilan Peer <ilan.peer@intel.com>
Change send_mlme() API to allow sending management frames on a specific
channel, overriding the internal driver decision.
Signed-off-by: Andrei Otcheretianski <andrei.otcheretianski@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Ilan Peer <ilan.peer@intel.com>
1. Add global p2p_cli_probe property to enable/disable Probe Request
frame RX reporting for connected P2P Clients. The property can be set to
0 - disable or 1 - enable. The default value is 0.
2. Enable Probe Request frame RX reporting for P2P Client on
WPA_COMPLETED state if p2p_cli_probe property is set to 1. Disable it
when an interface state is changing to any other state.
3. Don't cancel Probe Request frame RX reporting on wpa_stop_listen for
a connected P2P Client handling Probe Request frames.
Signed-off-by: Max Stepanov <Max.Stepanov@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Ilan Peer <ilan.peer@intel.com>
In some cases, Probe Request frames can be received by a peer not only
on a listen channel. In this case an additional rx_freq parameter
explitly contains a Probe Request frame RX frequency. In case rx_freq is
set to 0, a Probe Request frame RX channel is assumed to be our own
listen channel (p2p->cfg->channel).
Signed-off-by: Max Stepanov <Max.Stepanov@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Ilan Peer <ilan.peer@intel.com>
It is possible for P2P_CONNECT-join command to be issued on a GO's P2P
Interface Address before the P2P peer entry is available to map this
into the GO's P2P Device Address. This could result in the join
operation failing to continue after receiving PD Response due to the
address mismatch (source address = P2P Device Address while only the P2P
Interface Address is known). Fix this by updating the pending join P2P
Device Address based on the BSS entry, if needed.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
This has same behavior as the ctrl_iface RECONNECT command.
Signed-off-by: Mayank Haarit <mayank.h@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Purushottam Kushwaha <p.kushwaha@samsung.com>
Add operating class 125 (channels 149..169) to the list of P2P supported
channels. This allows the 5 GHz channels 161 and 169 to be used for P2P
GO when those channels are allowed for AP mode in the current regulatory
domain.
Signed-off-by: Amr BEN ABDESSALEM <amrx.ben.abdessalem@intel.com>
Remove all gas-query radio works before calling gas_query_deinit()
as gas_query_deinit() flow frees the query context, which might
be later be accessed from the radio work callback (and result
with unexpected behavior, e.g., segmentation fault).
Signed-off-by: Ilan Peer <ilan.peer@intel.com>
ssid->p2p_persistent_group was left to its old value when changing a
network profile to/from P2P persistent group type (disabled=2). This
could result in unexpected behavior when using an incomplete persistent
group profile. This was mainly visible through D-Bus network profile
handling where a persistent group would not be unregistered insome
cases.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Instead of an int variable with magic values 0, 1, 2, use an enum that
gives clearer meaning to the values now that the original boolean type
global argument is not really a boolean anymore.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
This fixes some issues where a disconnection event may get ignored if an
earlier operation to remove or disable a network resulted in an attempt
to disconnect event though no connection was in place.
wpa_s->current_ssid != NULL alone is not sufficient to determine that
there will be a driver event notifying completion of such disconnection
request. Set own_disconnect_req to 1 only if wpa_s->wpa_state is also
indicating that there is a connection or an attempt to complete one.
This showed up in a failure, e.g., when running the hwsim test case
scan_int followed by ap_vlan_wpa2_psk_radius_required where the latter
ended up not processing a connection failure event and getting stuck not
trying to run a new scan and connection attempt.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
This adds support for Qt5 while still preserving support for building
with Qt4. The same source code builds with both Qt versions now. The
functionality should be identical.
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Add GO Intent information of connecting device in GO Negotiation Request
event which will help applications to decide its own GO intent value in
advance and can avoid failure cases when both devices use GO Intent 15
depending on application requirement.
Signed-off-by: Mayank Haarit <mayank.h@samsung.com>
Support a request to scan specific SSIDs given by user with the SCAN
command. The SSID list can be suffixed to the scan command as follows.
For example, if SSIDs "ABC" and "abc123" need to be specifically
scanned, the command should be "SCAN ssid 414243 ssid 616263313233". The
value of the SSID is passed in hexadecimal representation.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
This commit adds a configurable parameter (wps_priority) to specify the
priority for the networks derived through WPS connection.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Allow the Manufacturer information for a found P2P peer device to be
fetched through the D-Bus interface similarly to p2p_peer <mac address>
on ctrl interface.
Signed-off-by: Amit Khatri <amit.khatri@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Rahul Jain <rahul.jain@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Ashutosh Kaushik <k.ashutosh@samsung.com>
Avoid memory leak due to previous allocation for ssid->ssid. It does not
look like this is hit in normal cases, but at might be possible for the
SSID to get set if the peer is present in previous scan results and WPS
code ends up copying the SSID from there.
Signed-off-by: Purushottam Kushwaha <p.kushwaha@samsung.com>
Add support to compile libwpa_client.so. This can be used by external
programs to interact with the wpa_supplicant control interface. Also
rename the static version of this library to libwpa_client.a to be
consistent with the name used previous in Android builds.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
A new Invitation Request might be received on a just started persistent
group if the previous Invitation Response sent isn't received at the
peer (GO of the persistent group). When the peer sends an Invitation
Request again, treat it as start of group formation and restart the
group formation timer at this point of time.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
In the case of driver-based BSS selection, a bssid_hint in the connect
request might not result in to the selection of the same BSS. Thus,
postpone the updation of the wpa_s->current_bss till the association
event is received unless the BSSID is forced. This fixes issues where
wpa_s->current_bss may end up being updated to point to the BSS that
wpa_supplicant provided as a hint for a roaming case, but then not
restored if the driver decides to "return" to the current BSS instead.
This could result in some operations (e.g., WNM BSS TM response) not
working properly due to incorrect BSS being identified in
wpa_s->current_bss.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
D-Bus used the p2p_dev member in struct wpa_supplicant to track the
interface used for P2P Device operations. However, this is not needed as
the interface used for P2P Device operations is stored in struct
wpa_global->p2p_init_wpa_s.
Replace all the redirections to wpa_s->p2p_dev with redirections to
wpa_s->global->p2p_init_wpa_s and removed this member as it is no
longer needed.
Signed-off-by: Ilan Peer <ilan.peer@intel.com>
This command is for a specific P2P group, not for the P2P Device
instance and as such, wpa_s pointer must not be replaced with the
interface that is used for P2P Device management.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
The function used wpa_s->parent->conf to iterate the P2P networks and
update the configuration file. However, wpa_s->parent is not
necessarily the interface used to manage the P2P Device operations.
Fix this by accessing the configuration file of the interface
initialized to manage the P2P Device operations.
Signed-off-by: Ilan Peer <ilan.peer@intel.com>
The function used wpa_s->parent->conf to iterate the P2P networks and
update the configuration file. However, wpa_s->parent is not
necessarily the interface used to manage the P2P Device operations.
Fix this by accessing the configuration file of the interface initialized
to managed the P2P Device operations.
Signed-off-by: Ilan Peer <ilan.peer@intel.com>
wpas_p2p_set_own_freq_preference() accessed wpa_s->parent->conf to test
if p2p_ignore_shared_freq is set, but wpa_s->parent is not necessarily
the interface used to manage the P2P Device operations.
Fix this by accessing the configuration file of the interface
initialized to manage the P2P Device operations.
Signed-off-by: Ilan Peer <ilan.peer@intel.com>
As wpas_p2p_remove_client() is not necessarily called from the interface
used to manage the P2P Device operations, when removing a client, use
the P2P management interface to iterate over the saved networks and
remove the relevant entries form the P2P GO network blocks.
Signed-off-by: Ben Rosenfeld <ben.rosenfeld@intel.com>
Commit 1c2aa04c96 ('P2P: Do not add P2P
IEs on P2P disabled interface') removed the P2P IEs from association on
non-P2P interface. However, an AP functioning as a P2P manager needs the
cross connection capability of the station (P2P Device). This needs to
be done to meet the P2P specification requirements even if the station
interface has p2p_disabled=1 in case P2P in general is enabled.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Commit 5add410162 ('WPS: Use shorter
authentication timeout during no-SelReg iteration') broke the build with
WPS disabled.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
While being associated, if an ANQP request is received for a different
AP that doesn't exist in the BSS list, the ANQP request will be sent on
the frequency of the AP that we are currently associated to.
In such a case, it is possible that the ANQP request would be sent on
a channel different than that of the requested AP, potentially delaying
other requests/activities.
Avoid sending the ANQP request to an AP that is not in the BSS list.
Signed-off-by: Matti Gottlieb <matti.gottlieb@intel.com>
Fix memory leak introduced in commit
32a097fdd2 ("wpa_cli: Keep track of
available networks") by tracking networks only when in interactive mode.
Signed-off-by: Andrei Otcheretianski <andrei.otcheretianski@intel.com>
Add the TDLS_LINK_STATUS command to the control interface. This command
shows what is the status of our current TDLS connection with the given
peer. Also, add the TDLS_LINK_STATUS command to wpa_cli.
Signed-off-by: Oren Givon <oren.givon@intel.com>
Sanity check added to avoid segmentation fault which occurs, when
issuing ibss_rsn ctrl iface cmd and IBSS was not initialized previously
via IBSS network selection.
Signed-off-by: Eduardo Abinader <eduardo.abinader@openbossa.org>
Commit c2762e410f ('P2P: Update D-Bus
network object semantics during group formation') added this helper
function to determine whether a network block is used for storing a
persistent group information. However, it implemented this in a way that
matches both persistent group storage and an operating persist group
instance. This does not seem to match the expected behavior for the
D-Bus objects, so fix this to match only the persistent group storage
case to avoid registering/unregistered incorrect D-Bus objects for
groups.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Commit bb3df9a569 ('notify: Do not raise
any signal from a P2P management interface') was supposed to only change
D-Bus behavior, but it ended up disabling non-D-Bus functionality as
well for some sequences where the P2P Device interface is used.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Commit 21efc940f6 ('wpa_supplicant: Do not
register a P2P management interface on DBus') hides the special P2P
management interface from D-Bus. However, it did not take into account
the possibility of wpa_s->dbus_path and wpa_s->dbus_new_path being NULL
in such cases on number of code paths within the D-Bus handlers. This
could result in invalid arguments (NULL path) being provided to D-Bus
functions (mainly, dbus_message_iter_append_basic) and NULL pointer
dereference when iterating over all interfaces. Either of these could
make wpa_supplicant process terminate.
Fix this by explicitly checking that the interface-specific D-Bus path
has been registered before using it anywhere with D-Bus handlers. In
addition, find the correct wpa_s instance to fix P2P operations through
D-Bus when the P2P Device interface is used.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Handling of WPS RF band for 60 GHz was missing. Add it in all relevant
places and also map "AES" as the cipher to GCMP instead of CCMP when
operating on the 60 GHz band.
Signed-off-by: Hamad Kadmany <qca_hkadmany@qca.qualcomm.com>
Commit 5add410162 ('WPS: Use shorter
authentication timeout during no-SelReg iteration') added a new
condition on reducing the authentication timeout for the WPS AP
iteration process. However, due it ended up copy-pasting an incorrect
condition for this. This was supposed to apply for PIN-based config
method advertisement, not PBC.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Previously, it was possible for the set_key() handler to be used with
WPA_ALG_PMK even if the driver did not indicate support for key
management offload. While this is not really supposed to result in any
difference, it makes the debug logs somewhat confusing. Avoid that by
using driver capability flag for key management offload as an additional
condition for setting the PMK.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
interworking_credentials_available_3gpp() would have left excluded2
uninitialized without INTERWORKING_3GPP in the build. This could result
in a static analyzer warning within
interworking_credentials_available_helper() about use of uninitialized
variable. Get rid of that warning by explicitly initializing excluded2
even though this does not really result in any difference in behavior
since the excluded2 value would be used only if the non-NULL is returned
and that could not have been the case here without INTERWORKING_3GPP.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
It was possible for an nl80211-based driver to be determined to support
P2P even when the radio supports only the 5 GHz band. This resulted in
P2P initialization failing due to not being able to pick a social
channel and wpa_supplicant not starting. Fix this by not enabling P2P,
but still allowing wpa_supplicant initialization to complete.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Signal strength meter uses non-standard icons (not included in the
freedesktop icon specification), which might not be available in all
icon sets on the market. What's more, according to the latest Ubuntu
practices, in the status-like places one should use symbolic icons.
Unfortunately not all icon sets provide them.
In order to overcome this inconsistency, we are going to try to load
more than one icon from the current theme in the fallback-like
fashion.
Signed-off-by: Arkadiusz Bokowy <arkadiusz.bokowy@gmail.com>
By analysing objdump output some read only structures were found in
.data section. To help compiler further optimize code declare these
as const.
Signed-off-by: Mikael Kanstrup <mikael.kanstrup@sonymobile.com>
When iterating through WPS APs that do not advertise Selected Registrar
TRUE, limit the authentication timeout to 10 seconds instead of the full
70 second value used with IEEE 802.1X/EAP/WPS in general. This helps
speed up AP iteration for cases where a selected AP misbehaves and does
not reply to EAP exchanges. This should not really be needed, but there
seems to be deployed APs that do not implement WPS correctly and with
such APs in the radio range, this extra timeout can speed up the
iteration to allow the correct AP to be found before the WPS operation
times out.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Previously, wpa_supplicant was using number of scan iterations
(WPS_PIN_SCAN_IGNORE_SEL_REG = 3) to give some time for finding a WPS AP
with Selected Registrar TRUE before starting to iterate through all WPS
APs. While this works fine in most cases, some drivers may return the
initial three scan results so quickly that the total amount of time is
only couple of seconds in case none of the APs are initially advertising
Selected Registrar TRUE. To give some more time for APs (WPS Registrars)
to become ready, add an additional constraint on the iteration based on
time (WPS_PIN_TIME_IGNORE_SEL_REG = 5 seconds).
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Do not add the dedicated P2P Device interface in case P2P is disabled in
the configuration file or globally.
Signed-off-by: Ilan Peer <ilan.peer@intel.com>
I needed this option to disable P2P on a buggy system.
Document this so someone else finds it quicker next time.
Signed-off-by: Ben Greear <greearb@candelatech.com>
Check the element length in the parser and remove the length field from
struct ieee802_11_elems since the element is of fixed length.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Should there not be enough room in the output buffer, the
bss_basic_rate_set line would not be printed. This error case was
handled otherwise, but the temporary memory allocation for building the
information was not freed.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
This makes source code more consistent. The use within Android driver
interface is left as-is to avoid changes in the old PNO interface
definition.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
The dbus interface documentation says the following about the
WPS property of the fi.w1.wpa_supplicant1.BSS interface:
==
WPS information of the BSS. Empty dictionary indicates no WPS support.
Dictionary entries are:
Type s "pbc", "pin", ""
==
However the implementation returns "type" => "" for BSSes
that do not support WPS.
Fix the implementation to match the documentation.
Return empty dictionary if there is no WPS support.
And "type" => "" if WPS is supported, but is not in progress
right now.
Signed-off-by: Floris Bos <bos@je-eigen-domein.nl>
This fixes a regression caused by commit
efa232f915 ('Add support for virtual
interface creation/deletion') for the case where an empty extra argument
is included.
Signed-off-by: Ben Greear <greearb@candelatech.com>
It has been noticed that the band steering/load balancing of some
multi-AP networks will lead to an ever-growing list of blacklisted
BSSIDs. This eventually leads to a connection drop when the connection
is pushed to a distant AP.
Fix this issue by clearing the blacklist upon successful connect.
Signed-off-by: Jason Abele <jason@aether.com>
This reschedules the postponed scan request (if such a request is
pending) from EVENT_SCHED_SCAN_STOPPED event handler to speed up
scanning after PNO/sched_scan stop has been requested.
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Shmidt <dimitrysh@google.com>
When starting a P2P client to re-join a persistent group
(P2P_GROUP_ADD persistent=<id>), it is possible that the P2P GO was
already found in previous scans. Try to get the P2P GO operating
frequency from the scan results list so wpa_supplicant will initially
scan only the P2P GO known operating frequency.
Signed-off-by: Avraham Stern <avraham.stern@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ilan Peer <ilan.peer@intel.com>
Commit e9af53ad39 introduced new
CONFIG_NO_ROAMING configuration parameter but unfortunately it was added
only to Android.mk. Enabling this parameter didn't have any effect when
Makefile was used to build wpa_supplicant. This commit fixes that problem
and cleans "unused variable" compiler warning.
Signed-off-by: Lauri Hintsala <lauri.hintsala@silabs.com>
This replaces the internal CBC mode implementation in
aes_128_cbc_encrypt() and aes_128_cbc_decrypt() with the OpenSSL
implementation for CONFIG_TLS=openssl builds.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
The new network profile parameter mem_only_psk=1 can be used to specify
that the PSK/passphrase for that network is requested over the control
interface (ctrl_iface or D-Bus) similarly to the EAP network parameter
requests. The PSK/passphrase can then be configured temporarily in a way
that prevents it from getting stored to the configuration file.
For example:
Event:
CTRL-REQ-PSK_PASSPHRASE-0:PSK or passphrase needed for SSID test-wpa2-psk
Response:
CTRL-RSP-PSK_PASSPHRASE-0:"qwertyuiop"
Note: The response value uses the same encoding as the psk network
profile parameter, i.e., passphrase is within double quotation marks.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
White space is a valid SSID character so completion routine for
networks should only use tab as word separator.
Signed-off-by: Mikael Kanstrup <mikael.kanstrup@sonymobile.com>
Add command completion routines for remove_network, select_network,
disable_network, and enable_network commands.
Signed-off-by: Mikael Kanstrup <mikael.kanstrup@sonymobile.com>
Add command completion routine for get_network and set_network that
guide user with both network id and network parameters.
Signed-off-by: Mikael Kanstrup <mikael.kanstrup@sonymobile.com>
To be able to reuse the add/del word utility functions for lines containing
tabs allow both space and tab as word separators.
Signed-off-by: Mikael Kanstrup <mikael.kanstrup@sonymobile.com>
Extend interface_add and interface_remove commands via an optional
argument to allow wpa_supplicant to create/delete a new virtual
interface.
Signed-off-by: Jithu Jance <jithu@broadcom.com>
wpa_cli already implements a command history file for easy accessing
commands previously used. Enable the functionality on Android, too.
Signed-off-by: Mikael Kanstrup <mikael.kanstrup@sonymobile.com>
Old code defaulted to WEP for an AP advertising OSEN. Show as OSEN
instead. Re-use most of the RSN parsing logic since all but the header
is the same.
Example output:
[root@ath9k-f lanforge]# ./local/bin/wpa_cli -i sta0 scan_results
bssid / frequency / signal level / flags / ssid
00:0e:8e:6f:40:49 2462 -23 [OSEN-OSEN-CCMP][ESS] ben-138
Signed-off-by: Ben Greear <greearb@candelatech.com>
System tray icon can be set to 5 different pictographs according to the
connection status. One for disconnected state (not associated with the
network, or not connected with the wpa_supplicant service), and four for
connected status (showing the signal strength on the receiver).
By default this functionality is disabled. The reason for this, is the
fact, that the underlaying approach of this functionality is poll based,
which might be considered as a non-efficient one. Update interval has to
be set explicitly by the user with '-m<seconds>' command line argument.
Status icon names are based on various Gnome icon packs (e.g., Faba).
When icon can not be found, default one is shown (wpa_gui logo).
Signed-off-by: Arkadiusz Bokowy <arkadiusz.bokowy@gmail.com>
This extends NL80211_CMD_ROAM event processing to allow the driver to
roam to another ESS (different SSID) when using offloaded BSS selection.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
wpas_add_interworking_elements() does not need to do this since the
caller is already checking whether Interworking is enabled.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Always add the Extended Capabilities element to Probe Request frames (in
case it is not all zeros) to publish support for driver advertised
capabilities and wpa_supplicant specific capabilities.
This also fixes the case where Extended Capabilities element was added
for Interworking cases, but did not use the driver advertised ones and
did not handle other capabilities supported by wpa_supplicant.
Signed-off-by: Ilan Peer <ilan.peer@intel.com>
If all networks are temporarily disabled, delay AP selection until at
least one network is enabled. Running AP selection when all networks are
disabled is useless as wpa_supplicant will not try to connect. In
addition, it will result in needless scan iterations that may delay the
connection when it is needed.
Signed-off-by: Avraham Stern <avraham.stern@intel.com>
