FactoryBot.define do factory :message do sequence(:title) { |n| "Message #{n}" } sequence(:body) { |n| "Body text for message #{n}" } sent_on { Time.now.utc } sender :factory => :user recipient :factory => :user trait :unread do message_read { false } end trait :read do message_read { true } end trait :muted do muted { true } end end end